How should gallbladder polyps be treated?

  (Among the 8 cases of malignant lesions reported by Moriguchi et al, 7 had polyps >10 mm in diameter and 1 had a first ultrasound examination of 5 mm, which grew to 10 mm after 6 months; therefore, most people advocate PLGs ≥10 mm in diameter as an indication for surgery, and those <10 mm should be kept on the alert. In the experience of Terzic et al. with 100 PLGs, 73% of malignant patients were >60 years old and most of them were single; 88% of lesions were >10 mm. Therefore, it is considered that single lesions >60 years old, with coexisting gallstones and >10 mm should be cholecystectomized even if they are asymptomatic. Koga believes that the most important indicator should be the size of the PLG, and therefore all lesions >10 mm should be operated on. wolper holds the same view and believes that prophylactic cholecystectomy for PLG >10 mm is reasonable.  Masi et al. even emphasized that any PLG has malignant potential and should be resected once found. 67 of 97 resected specimens by Lshikawa et al. had a tip and 9 (13%) were carcinoma; 30 had no tip and 10 (33%) were carcinoma. The mean maximum diameter of non-tipped carcinoma was (14±4) mm, which was significantly smaller than that of tipped carcinoma (22±8) mm. 8 cases of non-tipped carcinoma had infiltrated beyond the muscular layer, of which 2 cases were still ≤10 mm in diameter; 2 cases of tipped carcinoma had infiltrated beyond the muscular layer, and the maximum diameter was ≥30 mm. Any PLG found to be non-tipped should be removed immediately even if it is <10mm. In the case of PLG with a tip, surgery can be performed when it is >10 mm.  The six tumor risk factors of Deng Shaoqing’s comprehensive PLG are: solitary, >10mm, broad-based or thick tip, growing lesion, age >50 years, and combined stones. Kubota used three different types of cholecystectomy for PLG, namely simple cholecystectomy with stripping in the connective tissue layer of the gallbladder, full thickness cholecystectomy with removal of all the connective tissue of the gallbladder, and enlarged cholecystectomy with addition of part of the liver tissue in the gallbladder bed. Cholecystectomy. The choice is based on the nature of the PLG determined preoperatively. In the case of carcinoma, those <18 mm still have the possibility of early cancer and can still undergo full thickness cholecystectomy via LC. If the postoperative pathology confirms infiltration to the subplasma membrane, a second exploration can be performed. However, if the diameter is >18mm, it has the possibility of advanced cancer, and enlarged cholecystectomy should be performed directly, or even extensive lymph node dissection should be added.  (B) Prognosis For those who have obvious symptoms that affect work and life, combined with chronic cholecystitis and stones; single polyp with diameter >10mm, large base or tipped in the neck of gallbladder are indications for cholecystectomy. However, due to the difficulty of preoperative diagnosis of this disease, patients often have a fear of cancer, and there is a tendency to expand the surgery due to the idea of preventing the malignant change.