There is no simplest way to determine bone tumor. The diagnosis of bone tumor needs to be combined with clinical manifestations, imaging and pathological examination, and biochemical measurement if necessary.
1. Clinical manifestations: mainly pain and pressure, local swelling, dysfunction, etc. In severe cases, pathological fracture may occur.
2. Imaging
(1) X-ray examination: benign tumors have clear boundaries, uniform density, and usually no periosteal reaction, while malignant ones may have Codman’s triangle, onion-skin phenomenon, and heliographic pattern.
(2) CT and MRI examination: it can clarify the existence, nature, scope, degree of tumor invasion, and even the relationship with adjacent tissues of bone tumor.
(3) Radionuclide examination: it can clarify the scope of the disease, but it can not be used as a diagnostic basis alone and needs to be confirmed by X-ray or CT.
(4) Angiography: it can check the blood supply of the tumor and the change of neovascularization before and after chemotherapy.
(5) Others: ultrasonography, myelography, barium meal imaging, etc., can have auxiliary diagnostic effect on bone tumor.
(3) Pathology: it is the gold standard examination to confirm the diagnosis of bone tumor, mainly puncture biopsy and incision biopsy.
4. Biochemical determination: Bone destruction can appear elevated blood calcium, bone sarcoma can appear elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, positive urine peripheral protein can suggest myeloma.
If bone tumor is suspected, timely examination and standardized treatment are needed.