European Guidelines for the Management of Severe Trauma Bleeding

  (2) In the diagnosis and monitoring of bleeding, in addition to the determination of the amount of bleeding and vital signs, assessment of the mechanism of trauma, the patient’s physiological condition, the type of trauma anatomy, and the response to initial resuscitation is required; (3) In the monitoring of coagulation, the use of thromboelastography is emphasized, instead of relying on coagulation tests alone to guide treatment; (4) In the rapid hemostasis management, the use of combined surgical local hemostatic measures is added (recommendation level 1B); (5) In fluid therapy, the use of hypertonic fluids is increased; (6) The use of rapid correction is emphasized. (4) In the area of rapid hemostasis, the recommendation for the combination of surgical local hemostatic measures has been increased (recommendation level 1B); (5) In the area of fluid therapy, the use of hypertonic fluids has been increased; (6) Emphasis has been placed on the correction of coagulation abnormalities as soon as possible; (7) The recommendation for the correction of calcium abnormalities has been increased (recommendation level 1C); (8) In patients with severe bleeding, fresh frozen plasma should be used as soon as possible without waiting for the results of coagulation tests, and the recommendation for the use of prothrombinogen The use of thromboelastography has been added to monitor coagulation and fibrinolysis, and antifibrinolytic drugs can be used when hyperfibrinolysis is present; the routine use of desmopressin is not recommended.