Neonatal neutrophilia is a typical symptom of listeriosis and can be divided into early-onset and late-onset neonatal listeriosis, depending on how early the symptoms appear. Early onset listeriosis is seen in the first few hours of life. It is characterized by respiratory distress, pneumonia, hepatosplenomegaly, dark red rash, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Blood, urine, gastric fluid, bronchial secretions, amniotic fluid, and fecal cultures are often positive for the causative organism, but cerebrospinal fluid cultures are often negative. Late onset listeriosis is seen in infants 3-13 days after birth or later and is characterized by meningoencephalitis with fever, irritability, and refusal to eat. Cerebrospinal fluid cultures often reveal Listeria monocytogenes. Other rare Listeriosis include subacute endocarditis, endophthalmitis, peritonitis, pleurisy, osteomyelitis, lymphadenitis, cutaneous Listeriosis, conjunctivitis, cholecystitis, liver and spleen abscess, soft tissue abscess, etc. Neonatal neutrophilia symptoms need to be diagnosed differently from the following: 1. Neutrophil-like leukemia reactions: with primary diseases, such as infection, tumor, poisoning, acute hemolysis, etc., the diagnosis is not difficult. If there are more infantile cells in the peripheral blood, and there are morphological abnormalities, it should be differentiated from leukemia and so on. 2.Sweet syndrome: Also known as acute febrile neutrophil dermatosis, its clinical features are asymmetric, painful, edematous dark red raised erythema on the face, neck and limbs; erythema is well-defined, hard and painful to touch; biopsy has a large number of neutrophil infiltration on the surface and nuclear fragmentation is seen; accompanied by fever, fatigue, bone and joint pain. Peripheral blood leukocytes (15-20) 109/L, with 80%-90% neutrophils. The disease is combined with acute leukemia in about 10% of cases during the course of the disease. 3, benign idiopathic neutrophilia: This disease can be seen at any age. There are usually no clinical symptoms, and a few may have malaise and dizziness. The peripheral blood leukocytes are mildly to moderately increased, predominantly neutrophils, without abnormal cell morphology or neutrophilic changes. The course of the disease can last for several years, no cause of neutrophilia can be found, and it does not transform into acute or chronic granulocytic leukemia. 4, hereditary neutrophilia: This disease is clinically similar to benign idiopathic neutrophilia. It is differentiated by the fact that there is often a genetic history and family members often have the same onset. The prognosis of listeriosis depends on the age of onset and the status of the primary disease. Early-onset neonatal listeriosis has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate of 40% to 54%. Survivors are often left with severe neurological sequelae. Late onset neonatal Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis has a better prognosis, but nearly half of the patients may have neurological sequelae. The mortality rate is approximately 11% for sepsis without CNS infection and up to 30% for sepsis with meningoencephalitis.