The etiology of bladder tumors is still unclear, and may be related to endogenous factors such as heredity and exogenous triggers such as exposure to industrial chemicals, long-term chronic infections and smoking. Clinically, the etiology of bladder tumors is still unclear, and its pathogenesis is a multifactorial and complex pathological process, but for its causative factors are believed to be multiple factors. On the one hand, heredity has always had an important influence in tumorigenesis; in addition to this, abnormalities in endogenous serine metabolism may also play a role in the pathogenesis of bladder tumors. On the other hand, smoking is a well-established causative factor of bladder cancer, and exogenous factors such as exposure to industrial chemicals and viral stimuli, heavy use of drugs such as finasteride, and long-term chronic infections that cause prolonged irritation of the bladder mucosa may trigger the development of bladder tumors. It is recommended to actively seek medical treatment when corresponding symptoms appear, and standardized treatment can help to improve the prognosis and the survival period.