1.Vessels The blood supply to the scalp is abundant. There are several anastomosing branches between arteries and veins. If the scalp is ruptured by trauma, it will bleed fiercely. The blood vessels supplying the scalp come from the internal and external carotid artery system. There are frontal, supraorbital, superficial temporal, posterior auricular and occipital arteries. The veins that accompany the arteries return blood to the intracranial venous sinuses, and only the occipital and temporal regions, partially to the external jugular veins. The veins of the scalp communicate with the lamina cribrosa and the venous sinus through the conduit vessels. Under normal conditions, the blood flow in the platelet vein and the conduction vessel is very inactive. When the cranial pressure increases, the intracranial venous blood can flow to the outside of the cranium through the conduction vessel, thus the phenomenon of dilatation of the platelet vein and the conduction vessel can appear in patients with long-term cranial pressure increase.
2.Nerves Except for the facial nerve which is distributed in the temporal muscle, occipital muscle and peri-auricular muscle, the nerves in the scalp at the top of the skull are all sensory. The frontal skin is mainly distributed by the supraorbital nerve and the suprascapular nerve of the first ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. The temporal skin is mainly distributed by the auriculotemporal nerve of the mandibular nerve, the third branch of the trigeminal nerve. The skin behind the auricle is distributed by the auricular major nerve, a branch of the cervical plexus. The skin of the occipital region is distributed by the large occipital nerve of the second cervical nerve and the small occipital nerve of the cervical plexus.
3. Lymph There are no lymph nodes at the top of the skull, so the superficial lymphatic vessels of the head are injected into the lymph nodes at the head-neck junction. Through each of these lymph nodes, the superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes are finally injected.