Congenital heart disease is poorly treated and cannot lead a normal working life after treatment. With the improvement of medical equipment and technology, most congenital heart diseases can be effectively treated nowadays, and the overall success rate is above 95%. The success rate of single malformation congenital heart diseases such as arteriovenous ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, preoperative uncomplicated ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis in children’s cardiovascular center is close to 100%. With proper timing of surgery and technical assurance, the success rate of surgery for some complex and critical congenital heart diseases is also around 90-95%. Therefore, except for a few congenital heart diseases that cannot be anatomically corrected but only hemodynamically corrected, such as severe pulmonary atresia and complete transposition of the great arteries in older children, most children with congenital heart disease can be completely cured after treatment, which has little impact on future growth and development and life and work, and can completely reach or approach normal human The level of congenital heart disease can be fully achieved or close to normal. The older or younger the age of congenital heart disease, the better the treatment effect. The old popular science books and related early monographs on the timing of treatment of congenital heart disease are made age and weight unregulated, with the research of the last two decades, this knowledge has been updated, because timely diagnosis and treatment can reduce the complications of congenital heart disease and can reduce the mortality rate. Therefore, the timing of congenital heart disease treatment should be decided after a comprehensive assessment based on the type of congenital heart disease, the systemic functional status of the child, and the impact of heart disease development on growth and development. There are two tendencies that should be taken into account: one is that the older the child is, the better the outcome of surgery. However, congenital heart disease is a congenital malformation with progressive changes, and many secondary pathologies such as heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and structural and functional changes in the ventricles can occur, thus delaying the best time for surgical treatment and affecting the therapeutic effect. Theoretically, the earlier the corrective surgery is performed, the more the damage to the heart can be reduced, and there have been individual cases of congenital heart disease surgery for fetuses in developed countries. As the level of surgical technology and safety and security improves, the age at which children undergo surgery for congenital heart disease in China is also advancing. Another tendency is that the younger the age, the better the results. However, due to the limitation of medical technology development, small infants have completely different physiological characteristics from older children, the organs are not yet developed and have low tolerance to surgery, so the surgery is difficult and requires higher requirements for various techniques; in addition, different kinds of congenital heart disease have different indications for surgery and different age requirements. Therefore, the best time for congenital heart disease surgery should be based on the specific condition of the child in order to improve the success rate of surgery, long-term results and save the child’s life. Children with congenital heart disease lose the opportunity for congenital heart disease treatment in the neonatal period while waiting for their physical development to improve. Complications such as pneumonia, cardiac insufficiency and growth retardation often occur in neonatal congenital heart disease, especially in some severe and complex malformations, and it is often encountered clinically that cardiac insufficiency is mistaken for pneumonia for long-term treatment, or that attempts are made to increase nutrition and other means to improve the physical condition before surgery is performed. However, since many of these conditions are due to lesions in the heart itself, these symptoms cannot be improved without curing the root cause of congenital heart disease, but rather delaying treatment. The best approach is to develop a treatment plan after a joint study by cardiovascular physicians and surgeons, and if necessary, emergency surgery is needed to save the life of the child. Therefore, it is important to choose emergency/sub-emergency surgery, elective surgery, interventional treatment or follow-up according to the specific situation of each child.