In the process of growth and development of children, a vigorous metabolism is needed to support them. After anemia, hemoglobin decreases and the ability to carry oxygen decreases, thus leading to children not growing up as healthy as normal children. Anemia affects children’s body mainly in the following aspects: (1) Anemia can cause defective cellular immune function, and babies have poor resistance and are prone to diseases. (2) Anemia can reduce gastric acid secretion and fat absorption, making the baby’s digestive ability weakened. (3) Anemia can reduce the oxygen uptake capacity of blood, causing different degrees of oxygen deficiency in organs and tissues of the body, and babies will experience shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat and other discomforts when they exercise. (4) Anemia makes the child’s body in a state of oxygen deficiency, and the muscles are weak and feeble. 2. The impact of anemia on children’s mental health is manifested in the following ways: (1) It affects babies’ intelligence. Anemia in children decreases the oxygen uptake capacity and the lack of oxygen in the brain tissue, so the memory and attention of the baby will be affected. (2) Affects children’s emotions. Due to the lack of oxygen, brain cell metabolism abnormal, the baby often behaves as a tantrum, crying and irritability. (3) Affect social adaptability. Weak and sick children have relatively few opportunities to interact with others, which can easily lead to isolation and low self-esteem. In short, anemia is a common disease that affects children’s physical and mental health, and should be prevented and treated early.