What is Cardiac Rehabilitation
Cardiac rehabilitation is the maintenance of a faulty heart, where doctors help patients repair psychological and physical wounds, restore their quality of life, their ability to work, and re-engage in life and return to society. Cardiac treatment with rehabilitation is associated with a 20% reduction in overall mortality, a 30% reduction in cardiovascular mortality, and a significant reduction in re-hospitalization rates compared to cardiac treatment without rehabilitation.
Which groups of people should undergo cardiac rehabilitation
Cardiac rehabilitation is recommended if you have one or more of the following conditions.
Myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous coronary intervention, post coronary artery bypass grafting, chronic heart failure and peripheral artery disease.
How to perform cardiac rehabilitation
Exercise prescription: Exercise rehabilitation is an important part of cardiac rehabilitation. Safe and effective exercise can more significantly improve patients’ exercise capacity, symptoms and cardiac function.
1, exercise time: cardiovascular disease patients exercise time can be slightly shorter at the beginning of the stage, 5 ~ 10 minutes each time, later with the body gradually adapt to exercise, exercise time depending on the patient’s physical condition gradually extended. Each exercise should have 5-10 minutes of preparatory activities before exercise and at least 5 minutes of relaxation activities after exercise. The effective heart rate must be maintained for 10~30 minutes during exercise.
2, exercise form: the best exercise program for patients with cardiovascular disease is a combination of aerobic endurance training and intermittent strength training. Aerobic endurance exercise program to medium and low intensity rhythmic exercise is good, you can choose walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, as well as the whole body muscles are involved in the activity of medium intensity aerobic gymnastics, such as medical gymnastics, fitness exercises, Mulan boxing, Taijiquan, etc.. Also appropriate to choose recreational ball activities, such as gateball, bowling, badminton, etc. Strength training such as weight lifting training, training with light or moderate resistance. Combined resistance exercise and aerobic exercise can improve the exercise capacity to a greater extent.
Second, nutrition prescription: dietary nutrition is one of the main environmental factors affecting cardiovascular disease. Total energy, saturated fat and cholesterol intake is too much, insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits and other unbalanced diet increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, reasonable scientific diet can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
1.Variety of foods, mainly cereals, coarse and fine. Try to ensure 50 to 75 g of mixed grains per day.
2, to ensure adequate intake of high-quality protein. Eat fish, lean meat, egg whites, low-fat milk or nonfat milk in appropriate amounts every day.
3, control the intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Minimize the consumption of fatty meat, meat oil, butter, animal offal, and try not to use coconut oil and palm oil. The daily cooking oil consumption should be limited to 20-25 g.
4. Control the intake of trans fatty acids. Minimize the consumption of foods fried at high temperatures, pastries containing margarine, cookies containing shortening, coffee mates and milk tea.
5. Ensure adequate intake of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In cooking oil, try to ensure a certain proportion of olive oil, canola oil, tea seed oil and flaxseed oil, and consume fish twice a week, 150-200 g each time.
～The amount of sodium intake should be controlled.
6, control the intake of sodium, not more than 2.5 g per day, equivalent to no more than 6 g of salt, and pay attention to soy sauce, monosodium glutamate, squash, curd and other foods that contain high sodium.
7, to ensure adequate intake of dietary fiber. Daily intake of 25 to 30 g of dietary fiber is appropriate, as far as possible from vegetables, fruits and whole grains to obtain.
8, to ensure adequate intake of vitamins, minerals and other micronutrients. Fresh vegetables and fruits should be consumed daily, with emphasis on dark-colored vegetables and fruits, cruciferous vegetables and legumes.
Psychological prescription: Many of the patients seen by the cardiology department have psychiatric problems or both. The presence of psychiatric problems can be determined by the following questions.
1. Is there poor sleep that has significantly affected the mental state during the day or requires medication?
2. Is there distraction and loss of interest in things that used to be of interest?
3, whether there is obvious physical discomfort, but repeatedly check the Shuoji swing crab (11) banner metaplexy steal brain jie 3 questions if 2 answers are yes, consistent with the possibility of mental disorders about 80%. A scale to evaluate emotional state can also be used to screen patients while they are waiting to be seen, and the Somatization Symptom Self-Assessment Scale is recommended.
Chinese medicine bicentric treatment.
IV. Prescription for smoking cessation: Smoking cessation reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. The long-term benefits of smoking cessation are at least equal to those of currently used secondary prevention medications for coronary heart disease such as aspirin and statins, and smoking cessation is also the most cost-effective intervention to save lives. As one of the most important measures for primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, smoking cessation has an excellent cost-benefit ratio.
V. Drug prescription: Domestic and international coronary heart disease guidelines consistently emphasize that an important measure to improve the prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease is the adequate use of evidence-based secondary prevention drugs, including antiplatelet, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (
ACEI), statins, β-blockers, glucose-lowering drugs, etc., and Chinese medicine dialectical treatment.