Rheumatoid arthritis may be present with a high rheumatoid factor despite a normal blood sedimentation rate, and may be seen in infectious diseases, hyperglobulinemic diseases, and so on. Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease that mainly causes symmetric, erosive polyarthritis. The diagnostic criteria for this disease include symptoms, signs, medical history, rheumatoid factor and imaging changes, etc. A diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis can be made if four or more of the seven criteria are met. Patients with normal blood sedimentation but high rheumatoid factor may have rheumatoid arthritis, but cannot rely on the test results to confirm the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, because high rheumatoid factor can also be seen in parasitic infections, viral infections, chronic infectious diseases and hyperglobulinemic diseases. Therefore, when the rheumatoid factor test is high but the blood sedimentation is normal, the patient should further improve the C-reactive protein, autoantibody spectrum, blood routine and other related auxiliary tests and combine with the history, symptoms and other clinical clues to analyze, of which the blood sedimentation can be used as a reflection of the rheumatoid arthritis patient’s condition of the activity of the index. Hematological sedimentation and rheumatoid factor test report should be interpreted by a professional physician, and it is recommended that patients go to the rheumatology and immunology department of a regular hospital for detailed consultation and treatment in accordance with the doctor’s instructions.