There are many factors that induce bleeding in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, abnormal coagulation mechanism, due to the reduction of normal liver tissue in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, the coagulation mechanism is impaired due to the reduction of coagulation factors synthesized by the liver, and the coagulation mechanism is also abnormal due to hypersplenism and increased platelet destruction, when the cancer clot enters the blood, it easily causes acute diffuse intravascular coagulation, thus leading to gastrointestinal bleeding, if the gastrointestinal bleeding The symptoms are less severe as positive fecal occult blood test or black stool, which can be controlled with active symptomatic treatment and will not quickly endanger the patient’s life.
Esophageal and gastric fundic varices are the most important cause of GI bleeding in hepatocellular carcinoma, and also the most dangerous. More than 80% of liver cancer patients have cirrhosis, which causes increased portal vein pressure and esophageal and gastric fundic vein varices. When the portal vein or hepatic vein is blocked, it can intensify portal hypertension and cause rupture and bleeding of the varicose esophageal and gastric fundic veins, which can cause vomiting of blood and black stools, etc. The disease often progresses quickly and bleeding is difficult to stop, further causing hemorrhagic shock and leading to patient death. Therefore, once patients with advanced liver cancer find black stool, they must pay attention to it and go to the hospital as soon as possible.