Transient hematuria can be caused by pollen, chemical or drug allergies. Transient hematuria, or even carnal hematuria, can occur after strenuous exercise, and can occasionally occur with viral infections (e.g., colds) and is usually of no importance. Only repeated tests for true hematuria should be taken seriously and further tests should be performed. When hematuria is found, we should first determine whether it is true hematuria, that is, we should exclude pseudohematuria and red-colored urine caused by certain reasons, such as menstruation, hemorrhoid bleeding or bleeding from diseases near the urethra mixed with urine; the latter is caused by exposure to certain pigments or internal rifampin and other drugs, as well as certain poisons (phenol, carbon monoxide, chloroform, snake venom), drugs (sulfonamide, quinine), crush injuries, burns, malaria, wrong type hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria due to blood transfusion, etc. Transient hematuria can be caused by allergies to pollen, chemicals or drugs, and can also occur during menstruation, after strenuous exercise, and viral infections, and is generally of no importance. After determining the true hematuria, the local diagnosis of hematuria should be made to distinguish whether the hematuria comes from the renal parenchyma or the urinary tract: 1. If tubular patterns, especially red blood cell tubular patterns, are found in the urine sediment, it means that the bleeding comes from the renal parenchyma; 2. The vast majority of red blood cells in hematuria caused by glomerular diseases are malformed, with different morphology and obvious differences in size, while in non-glomerular hematuria, the vast majority of red blood cells are normal in size, and only a small number are malformed red blood cells. The etiology of non-glomerular hematuria is very complex, and special vigilance should be given to malignant tumors of the genitourinary system. The principles of symptomatic treatment for the two types of hematuria are also opposite. Glomerular hematuria often requires anticoagulation, antithrombotic, antiplatelet aggregation or blood stasis treatment, while non-glomerular hematuria often requires hemostatic therapy.