Pressure and percussion pain in the kidney area is caused by various diseases of the kidney area and is produced by pressing and percussing the kidney area with the hand. It is one of the clinical manifestations of renal vein thrombosis. The following are the diseases that are easily confused with this syndrome. 1. Kidney stones are stones that occur in the renal calyces, renal pelvis, and the connection between the renal pelvis and ureter. The kidney is the main site of stone formation in the urinary tract, and stones from any other site can originate in the kidney. Ureteral stones almost always come from the kidney, and kidney stones are more likely to damage the kidney directly than stones from any other site, so early diagnosis and treatment are very important. Kidney stones are common and prevalent in the urinary tract, and one in every 20 people may develop kidney stones. There are dozens of known kidney stone components. Clinically, stones are usually classified into four major categories: calcium-containing stones, infected stones, uric acid stones, and cystine stones. They occur more frequently in men than in women, mostly in young adults, and there is no significant difference in the incidence between the left and right sides. Forty to 75 percent of patients with kidney stones have varying degrees of back pain. Larger stones with minimal mobility manifest as lumbar soreness and discomfort, or vague or dull pain with increased physical activity. Smaller stones cause colic, which often occurs suddenly with severe pain like cutting in the lower back and abdomen, in paroxysms. 2, renal tuberculosis kidney stones combined with obstruction and infection should be distinguished from renal tuberculosis, renal tuberculosis often have chronic and stubborn bladder irritation symptoms, no significant effect by general antibiotic treatment; urine with pus cells, while ordinary urine culture without bacterial growth; sometimes accompanied by tuberculosis or small tuberculosis foci in the kidney; cystoscopy can be seen congested edema, tuberculous nodules, tuberculous ulcers, tuberculous granuloma and scar formation, etc. The lesions are especially obvious in the bladder triangle and near the ureteral opening, and the ureteral orifice is often cavernous, sometimes with cloudy urine discharge; calcified renal tuberculosis can be seen on plain film as extensive calcification in the whole kidney, and in focal cases, spot calcification shadows can be seen in the kidney, and the early X-rays of renal tuberculosis imaging show uneven margins and worm-like changes in the renal calyces, and in severe cases, occlusion of the calyces, cavity formation, and irregular enlargement of the renal calyces and pelvis or blurred deformation. 3, sponge kidney sponge kidney incidence of 1/5000, the patient’s renal medullary collecting ducts are cystic expansion, the general appearance of sponge-like, 70% of cases there are bilateral renal lesions, each kidney has one to several papillae involved, the disease is present at birth, but asymptomatic, usually until the age of 40 to 50 years due to the occurrence of stones or infectious comorbidities are detected, the collecting duct expansion caused by long-term urinary retention, coupled with frequent The dilation of the collecting ducts causes prolonged urinary retention and is often associated with hypercalcemia, which is the cause of stones and infections. 4, renal pelvis tumor Most renal pelvis tumors are papillary tumors, and there is often no obvious boundary between benign and malignant, and the metastatic pathway is the same as that of renal cancer; because of the thin wall of renal pelvis and rich surrounding lymphatic tissue, there is often early lymphatic metastasis. Sometimes tumor cells can be seen in urine sediment examination, and cystoscopy when hematuria can be seen in the ureteral orifice on the affected side, and there is filling defect in the film, which needs to be distinguished from trans-x-ray stones, and CT and ultrasound can help to distinguish.