If the ventilator withdrawal fails, a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s condition is needed to analyze the reasons for the failure and to treat the patient accordingly. If the patient’s cough reflex is weakened and secretions are increased, the patient can be aspirated to keep the airway open; if the patient is hypovolemic, blood volume should be replenished to improve the perfusion of tissues and organs; if the patient is febrile, heat treatment should be performed; if the patient has pleural effusion or pneumothorax, drainage should be performed. In a small number of patients with difficulty in deconditioning, the need for tracheotomy needs to be considered. If respiratory failure cannot be corrected after appropriate treatment for the symptoms presented, mechanical ventilation needs to be restored promptly.