Stones that are easily expelled spontaneously: 90% of newly diagnosed urinary stones that are less than 0.4 cm in diameter will expel spontaneously. The recommended treatment is conservative therapy with close observation, drinking more water and exercising more. If symptoms persist or recur (renal colic, fever, infection, hydronephrosis, etc.), an aggressive treatment approach is recommended. Pharmacological lithotripsy may also be considered for uric acid stones. Unfortunately, most stones in the urinary system are not uric acid stones. Therefore, lithotripsy methods are not commonly used. Stones that are not easily spontaneously expelled: Open surgical treatment (incision) is rarely used for stones that are not easily spontaneously expelled. The methods of lithotripsy are: shock wave, pneumatic ballistics, ultrasound, laser, etc. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is the use of extracorporeal shock waves to focus and then shatter the stones in the body, so that they are excreted with urine. The advantage is that no anesthesia is needed and no surgery is required. The disadvantage is that it is not effective for larger and more complicated stones and can damage the kidney after multiple treatments. Since extracorporeal shock waves can damage kidney tissue while breaking up stones, the interval between treatments should be more than one week. Less than three times of extracorporeal shock wave treatment can repair the damage to kidney tissue, but the more times of treatment, the more damage to kidney tissue. Therefore, it is best to keep the total number of treatments to less than three. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is suitable for patients with kidney stones less than 2 cm in diameter and without urinary tract obstructive lesions. Due to the physical nature of cystine stones, shock waves cannot break them up and therefore extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is not suitable for the treatment of cystine stones. Patients with all other types of stones can receive extracorporeal shock wave treatment. In conclusion, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is selective in the treatment of kidney stones and is not suitable for all patients. Some medical institutions, in order to pursue economic interests, have repeatedly treated larger kidney stones many times without selection, which not only did not cure kidney stones, but also caused serious damage to kidney function. For various kidney stones larger than 2 cm in diameter (including various calcium stones and pelvic stones) and renal deerstalker type stones, they are not suitable for treatment with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, but should be treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. For such stones, the traditional treatment is open surgery (incision), and modern technology has almost rendered this traditional technique lifeless. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is less invasive (minimally invasive), less bleeding and faster recovery. Combining ultrasound with pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy, it is possible to complete lithotripsy and stone removal in one visit. Ureteral stones have heavy symptoms but are easier to manage than kidney stones and there are more ways to do it. Depending on the size, location, duration of obstruction and the nature of the stone can be used: wait and see, extracorporeal shock wave, ureteroscopy and other methods. Even large bladder stones can now be broken up and removed by non-open surgical methods. So even if you have urinary stones, there is no need to panic. Most of the stones that cannot be removed by themselves can be solved by minimally invasive treatment. Drinking more water and exercising more is the key to reducing the chance of developing stones.