In infants and young children, increased intracranial pressure can be found in the early stage with increased tension of fontanelle, separation of cranial sutures, and percussion like the sound of a broken water jug. So how to prevent the increased tension of fontanel? 1, lying patient lying down, head to the side or side lying, when the condition allows elevate the head of the bed 15 ° ~ 30 °, conducive to intracranial venous reflux, reduce cerebral edema, reduce intracranial pressure. Patients with cerebrospinal fluid leakage can be closed with the help of gravity, so that the brain tissue moves to the skull base and adheres to the dural leakage hole to make local adhesions. Take care not to over-extend or over-flex the head and neck, so as not to affect the jugular venous reflux. 2, rest to keep the room quiet, avoid all adverse stimulation medical|education.com finishing, so as not to cause the patient emotional agitation, so that the blood pressure increases, aggravating the intracranial pressure increase. If the patient is agitated, identify the cause and deal with it symptomatically. Do not give sedatives rashly so as not to affect the observation of the condition, and do not impose restraint to avoid the rise of intracranial pressure due to excessive struggle, and add bed block protection and let them wear gloves to prevent falling out of bed and scratching. 3.Oxygen is essential to improve cerebral ischemia, make cerebral vasoconstriction, reduce cerebral blood flow, reduce cerebral edema, and prevent hypercapnia or hypoxemia. 4.Keep a good mental state and prevent emotional tension. 5.Adopt a good lifestyle, eat reasonably, cultivate your own cultural cultivation and interest in life, so that the brain can be exercised and prevent the early arrival of cerebral arteriosclerosis. 6, develop good habits of regular bowel movements to prevent constipation, to prevent excessive abdominal pressure during defecation, resulting in increased blood pressure. Respiratory care 1, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed Craniocerebral injury patients through adequate oxygenation, the patient’s respiratory distress, hypoxia symptoms do not improve or patients have difficulty in sputum, should cooperate with the physician early tracheotomy, timely removal of respiratory secretions, lift the respiratory obstruction, so that the intrathoracic pressure and intracranial pressure drop, and reduce the dead space of the respiratory tract, increase the effective gas exchange, improve respiratory status and cerebral hypoxia, reduce cerebral edema, and reduce intracranial pressure. If the patient’s breathing is weakened and the tidal volume is insufficient, a ventilator should be used to assist breathing. 2. Prevent respiratory tract infection Oral care twice a day, nebulized inhalation two to three times a day, turning and patting the back once every 2 to 3 hours, with gentle and steady turning movements. Tracheotomy patients change the dressing at tracheotomy daily, keep the dressing dry and clean, disinfect the endotracheal tube every 4h, use 20ml of saline plus Mucosolvan 15mg as an endotracheal drip, 2ml every hour, and cover the outer mouth of the tracheal tube with a single layer of sterile saline gauze. Strictly observe aseptic operation when suctioning, suction endotracheal secretions first, then oral and nasal secretions, do not exceed 15s per suction, do not make the patient cough too drastically and increase intracranial pressure. Adjust the room temperature at 10℃～20℃, use ice pillow or ice cap on the head, cool the body surface, apply cold compresses to the neck, axilla, groin and other large arteries or give artificial hibernation as prescribed by the doctor to maintain the patient’s anal temperature at 32℃～35℃, which can reduce the oxygen consumption and metabolic rate of brain cells, improve the tolerance to oxygen, reduce cerebral blood flow, reduce cerebral edema, and protect the central nervous system and reduce the reaction It can also protect the central nervous system and reduce reactive hyperthermia.