Growth and development is an important life phenomenon that begins with the union of sperm and egg and ends at the end of puberty. Growth is accompanied by a continuous increase in the number of cells, the enlargement of cells, and the increase in intercellular material, which is manifested by changes in tissues, organs, body parts, whole body size, weight, and body chemical composition. Development is the functional differentiation and continuous improvement of the body’s systems, organs and tissues, which is expressed in the enhancement of skills and complex functions. Thus, the fundamental difference between children and adults is that they are in the process of continuous growth and development, just like the foundation of a tall building, the stronger the foundation, the higher and stronger the floor can be built. An abnormality in any period of the growth process can affect part or the whole body, and this damage is sometimes temporary and reversible, and sometimes permanent. Therefore, the growth and development of children is a matter of great concern not only for parents, but also for doctors, child health workers and society as a whole. Poor growth means poor physical health. In infancy and early childhood (i.e., before age 3), stunted growth has a high rate of morbidity and mortality, and affects brain development, resulting in impaired intellectual development and poor learning ability at school age. Growth abnormalities in childhood also mean that there are health problems that continue into adulthood, such as intrauterine growth retardation and obesity, which have a significantly higher incidence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes in adulthood than normally developing children. Girls with poor growth during childhood and adolescence are more likely to have low birth weight babies in adulthood. It can be seen that poor growth or abnormal growth can not only lead to adult short stature, psychological disorders, work effectiveness and poor athletic ability, poor health, but also to the growth and development of future generations and health bring adverse effects. Therefore, it can be said that normal growth and development is an important cornerstone of a person’s health and development throughout life. Children need regular growth monitoring and assessment as they grow in order to identify possible problems and provide timely correction to maximize their healthy growth.