A. What time to see the doctor
1. As much as possible during the day and in the morning
During the daytime, all the rooms in the hospital are open, and there is a complete range of clinics, especially the specialist clinics (hematuria, asthma, epilepsy, etc., which are very specialized) and the special needs clinics (less queues and longer consultation time) can quickly meet the requirements.
2.When must you see the emergency room
Convulsions, abdominal pain, wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, persistent vomiting, abnormal facial color, foreign body aspiration, severe trauma, misuse of drugs, high fever (persistent 39.5 degrees or more oral antipyretic drugs cannot lower the temperature, or fever less than 39.5℃ but poor mental condition). Newborn infants under 6 months of age should seek medical attention promptly if they are not feeling well.
3.What to do if the following happens at night
(1) Fever: Exhaust all antipyretic measures, such as physical cooling, taking Merlin, etc., and observe the child’s mental state.
(2) Cough: Two kinds of cases should be treated urgently: strong choking cough after foreign body aspiration and barking cough.
(3) Vomiting: fasting and observation, accompanied by fever and mental flaccidity require medical attention.
(4) Diarrhea: cannot be taken orally, or frequent vomiting, reduced urine and mental flaccidity require emergency medical care
Second, the common causes of pediatric symptoms and treatment
1.Fever
Every child will encounter it. Fever is a symptom of abnormal body temperature, not a disease, and can be caused by many reasons. Fever indicates that the child’s resistance is good and is a positive response of the body’s immune system to external intrusions. The method of temperature measurement, the child is best measured anal temperature. You can apply some oil from burning vegetables on the thermometer, rotate it and insert it into the anus and measure it for 2-3 minutes. Any anal temperature below 37.8 degrees is normal.
Of course not all fevers are sick, some are caused by external factors, such as wearing too much clothing, drinking too little water, and poor air circulation in the room. Most are caused by infectious diseases. There is another kind of fever triggered by vaccination, but if the fever is above 38 degrees, the vaccination is mostly just a trigger, and the essence is still fever caused by infectious diseases.
For high fever (39 degrees or more), use Merlin to reduce the fever first, Merlin drops for under 2 years old, and Merlin suspension for over 2 years old. A compound pediatric fever-reducing tether can be used above one year of age, but it is recommended to use it sparingly.
Fever reduction for moderate fever (38-39 degrees). To exhaust all physical cooling methods, you can drink more water, take warm baths, ice pillows (available in supermarkets, or fill a hot water bag with water, put it in the refrigerator to ice it, and wrap it with a towel), take off too many clothes, fever patches, ice packs cold. Alcohol rubbing bath is not advocated.
If you want to change the medication, the interval between the two antipyretics should be more than 6 hours.
The body temperature is not proportional to the severity of the disease. Mental state is an important criterion to judge the severity of the disease.
There is a process to reduce fever and there is no need to be nervous.
There are two extreme misconceptions about the use of antibiotics, one is the reliance on antibiotics, the use of antibiotics when you have a cold, in fact, 90% of colds are caused by viruses and do not need antibiotics. One is to be overly nervous about antibiotics and to resist them excessively. Confirm that it is a bacterial infection to use antibiotics without hesitation, and must be used in place, with a full course of treatment, just like fighting a war, must be defeated bacteria, the fight of half-life, the effect is not good.
The vast majority of fevers do not need to be infused, unless it is a serious bacterial infection.
2.Diarrhea
The number of stools increases, and the nature of the change is called diarrhea, such as dilute watery stool, egg flower stool, with sticky jelly hemolysis, etc..
Most of the causes of diarrhea are caused by intestinal infections. For example, rotavirus infection, which often occurs in autumn. There are also symptomatic diarrhea, such as those caused by colds, pneumonia, encephalitis, etc., such as gastrointestinal colds. There is also feeding diarrhea, which is common in small infants. In particular, it is important to change formula or add complementary foods, etc. gradually. Then there is the now fashionable allergy-induced diarrhea, such as lactose intolerance.
Rotavirus enteritis, mostly seen in the fall, can be contracted both through the respiratory tract and through contact, mostly in small infants. The usual cycle is 10 days, and the stools appear to be frequent, voluminous, watery and not very smelly. It is accompanied by vomiting, fever, and cough.
Bacterial enteritis, regardless of age, common in summer, slow onset, fishy odor, yellowish-green color with mucus-like material.
Diarrhea caused by allergy. Allergies are hereditary, and parents’ allergies are passed on to their children. For children, the first manifestation is food allergy, then asthma, then rhinitis, hives. Lactose intolerance is mainly caused by the lack of lactase enzyme in the body and is manifested by diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, abdominal tinnitus, and false compliments (farting). Lactose intolerance is usually caused by two conditions, one is congenital, which is less common. One is excitatory, such as lactase deficiency in the intestine due to prolonged diarrhea caused by rotavirus, which is temporary.
Diarrhea must be observed for dehydration, which is a very serious symptom and requires an immediate visit to the emergency room.
Treatment of diarrhea.
Adjust the diet to be lighter, but do not fast. Milk powder can be boiled to skim off the oil on it. Always keep Simethicone at home. Do not use antibiotics unless the diarrhea is bacterial. Adjust the intestinal flora with probiotics such as Pepcid. Take oral rehydration salts, one packet with 750 ml of water, and drink it as water during the day.
3.Cough
Cough is mostly caused by respiratory tract infection. It is a concomitant symptom of cold and pneumonia.
There is another kind of cough that lasts for a long time, even 1-2 months. There are two types of this condition: one is airway hyperreflexia after respiratory infection, coughing for more than four weeks, with a clear history of respiratory to infection, but normal lungs; one is cough variant asthma, with attacks mostly in the morning and evening, after exercise, without previous cold. Especially children with a history of allergies in the family are prone to have them.
Try not to use drugs with a central sedative effect. Cough is a normal reaction of the body’s own protection, do not be too nervous.
Common medicines for different cough symptoms are.
Do not eat stimulating food when coughing, eat less fried and spicy food, and eat less sweets. Take care to keep the room airy even in winter.