Patients should routinely undergo prostate puncture biopsy in the following cases: ①Prostate nodules of unknown nature are found on rectal examination. ②Serum PSA level is higher than normal (e.g. PSA > 4ng/ml). ③Ultrasound or other imaging examinations reveal prostate occupying lesions. ④To determine the type of prostate tumor tissue in order to decide the treatment plan. ⑤ The patient has metastatic cancer and clinical suspicion that the primary cancer is in the prostate. ⑥Patients who need to evaluate the efficacy of treatment after prostate cancer treatment. Wang Xugang, Department of Urology, Wujin People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China Before prostate puncture biopsy is performed, rectal finger examination, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) examination and ultrasound examination are usually performed for prostate cancer patients. Prostate puncture biopsy is the only way to obtain tissue from the prostate gland and ultimately confirm the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Prostate puncture biopsy is usually done by transrectal route, and standardized prostate puncture biopsy must be done under ultrasound guidance. Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate systemic aspiration biopsy is the most commonly used biopsy method in clinical practice today. Bowel preparation and oral antibiotics to prevent infection should be routinely performed prior to puncture. The intestinal preparation can be done by taking a watery oral dose of senna one day before the procedure or by enema one hour before the procedure. It is recommended to start oral antibiotics 1-2 days before surgery. Commonly used antibiotics include metronidazole (i.e., methotrexate) and levofloxacin. The patient is placed in the left lateral position during the puncture. The doctor punctures the prostate tissue with an automatic puncture gun under transrectal ultrasound guidance, often requiring 8-12 stitches depending on the specific condition. The patient should remain in the hospital for about 1 hour after the puncture is completed. Although mature techniques can reduce the incidence of complications, patients may still experience discomfort. Individual patients may experience uncomfortable symptoms such as hematuria, bloody stools, fever, difficulty urinating or even inability to urinate on their own after the procedure. Patients should drink plenty of water, take antibiotics and hemostatic medications, and keep their stools moist and do not ride bicycles or take long rides. If in rare cases there is serious blood urine and blood stool, and dizziness, pale face, cold sweat, or persistent high fever with pain in the perineum, the patient should immediately go to the hospital for emergency treatment.