The risk of microvascular decompression is primarily damage to the nerve and its adjacent tissue structures. Microvascular decompression is a surgical procedure for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and idiopathic facial spasm. The procedure can be used to relieve local vascular compression of the trigeminal and facial nerves and improve the clinical symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia and idiopathic facial spasm. The risk of microvascular decompression surgery is that the surgical procedure can cause damage to the trigeminal and facial nerves and their adjacent tissue structures, which can lead to loss of facial sensation, facial nerve paralysis, intracranial infection, intracranial hemorrhage, and other conditions. However, the incidence is relatively low. Whether patients with trigeminal neuralgia and idiopathic facial spasm are suitable for treatment with microvascular decompression should consult a professional neurosurgeon and choose a regular hospital for surgical treatment. Do not perform the treatment blindly.