Commonly used drugs for asthma in children can in principle be divided into two categories: control drugs and rapid relief drugs. Asthma control drugs, also known as preventive drugs or maintenance drugs, are long-term and daily drugs used to prevent or reduce asthma attacks, including glucocorticoids, long-acting β2 agonists, leukotriene modulators, slow-release theophylline and sodium cromoglycate, etc.; while relief drugs, also known as rapid relief drugs or emergency drugs, work quickly to relieve bronchospasm and are used as needed during attacks. The short-acting β2 agonists, theophylline and anticholinergic drugs are commonly used. In the past, asthma was thought to be due to allergen-induced bronchoconstriction, so bronchodilators were mainly used to treat asthma, but they could not solve the recurrent attacks and progressive deterioration of asthma. Recent studies have demonstrated that asthma is primarily a chronic inflammation of the airways and the resulting set of symptoms, so asthma should be treated primarily with anti-inflammatory therapy targeting chronic allergic inflammation of the airways. The most effective anti-inflammatory drug is glucocorticoids, which block all aspects of the inflammatory response in asthma and increase the role of β2 agonists in bronchodilation. Inhalation therapy is currently the first choice of treatment for asthma recommended by the World Health Organization, which has the characteristics of fast onset, less medication, less side effects and good therapeutic effect, and is generally divided into two categories: asthma calming and anti-inflammatory. Asthma medication is used during an asthma attack and can be effective in a few minutes. As the condition improves, it is used on an as-needed basis, and the fewer times it is used, the more stable the patient’s condition is. Anti-inflammatory drugs are long-term control medications that are used during an attack and have no effect until 1 week later. However, it is indispensable for repairing airway inflammation and should be used consistently for a long time. From a pharmacotherapeutic point of view, inhalation therapy for asthma is the most classical targeted treatment. Patients can use various inhalation devices to deliver drug components to the lesion site, so the onset of action is fast, the dose of medication is small, and the corresponding side effects are reduced. Only through regular inhalation of hormones can we achieve the goals of suppressing airway inflammation, maintaining the patient’s normal or approximately normal lung function, preventing asthma attacks, and ensuring the patient’s quality of life. Only by adhering to regular medication can the remission period of asthma be prolonged, the number of attacks be reduced as much as possible, and even if there is an acute attack, the attack can be made less severe. In short, asthma should be well controlled for a long time, which is what we usually call a permanent cure for a long time.