When pathological jaundice is considered, the etiologic diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations and ancillary tests. The following are common: 1. Increased unconjugated bilirubin predominates ① Hemolytic disease of the newborn with blood group incompatibility, see Hemolytic disease of the newborn. ②Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency: higher incidence in the south, with fava beans, sulfonamides, antimalarials, camphor pills, etc. as triggering factors. ③Infectious jaundice: sepsis, urinary tract infection, infectious pneumonia, etc. can cause jaundice to deepen. ④Breast milk jaundice: can be divided into early-onset and late-onset, early-onset occurs in the first week after birth and is associated with insufficient caloric intake and increased intestinal and hepatic circulation. Late onset of jaundice begins in the 5th day after birth and peaks in the 2nd week, associated with the presence of inhibitory factors in breast milk and increased enterohepatic circulation, the general condition of the child is good, and the jaundice is reduced by suspending breast milk for 3 to 5 days. ⑤ Other: cranial hematoma, intracranial hemorrhage, bleeding from other sites, asphyxia, drugs (vitamin K3, sulfonamides, neomycin, etc.), erythrocytosis, delayed discharge of meconium, and Kerner’s syndrome can cause jaundice. 2, mainly combined with increased bilirubin ① neonatal hepatitis: such as hepatitis A, hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus hepatitis, toxoplasmosis, etc. ②Biliary stasis syndrome: certain drugs, intravenous nutrition, sepsis, etc. can cause biliary stasis. ③Biliary tract diseases: congenital biliary atresia, common bile duct cysts, etc. ④Congenital surrogate diseases: such as hypothyroidism, galactosemia, α-antitrypsin deficiency, etc.