Primary hypertension is a disease mainly characterized by elevated blood pressure, which can lead to various complications such as hypertensive encephalopathy, hypertensive heart disease and hypertensive nephropathy. Patients should use reasonable medication according to their condition to slow down the progress of the disease and reduce the incidence of damage to the heart, brain, kidney and other organs. In early stage, patients with mild symptoms and slightly high and fluctuating blood pressure should mainly use non-pharmacological treatment, including adjusting dietary structure and changing bad habits, such as reducing salt intake, abstaining from alcohol, limiting salt, appropriately increasing physical activity, controlling weight, etc.; paying attention to reasonable arrangements for work and rest, avoiding continuous mental tension and excessive emotional excitement, etc. Patients with hypertension should also regularly observe changes in blood pressure, if the diastolic blood pressure continues to exceed 12.70 kPa (95 mmHg), dizziness, headache, fatigue, insomnia and other symptoms are more obvious, there is a family history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease or obvious risk factors for coronary heart disease, combined with systolic blood pressure, can consider taking antihypertensive drugs to achieve timely treatment and long-term control. When using drug therapy, oral preparations with mild, long-lasting effects and few side effects are generally preferred, and the dose or combination of drugs is gradually adjusted according to the individual’s constitution and drug performance, and then reduced and reduced as appropriate after the blood pressure is stabilized and controlled, and long-term maintenance drugs are taken. At present, hypertension step treatment program is widely used, its treatment principle is to start with a small dose of a single drug, gradually increase the dose, if a sufficient amount of a single drug can not adequately control blood pressure, then use two or more drugs in combination, in order to control the mountain pressure within the normal range. Years of clinical use have proven that this regimen is very effective, but the diuretics and beta-blockers in this regimen may cause elevated blood glucose and lipids, putting patients at increased risk of coronary heart disease. It is worth noting that it is especially important that non-pharmacological measures must not be relaxed along with pharmacological treatment. If satisfactory results cannot be achieved even after reasonable and systematic drug therapy, attention should be paid to finding possible influencing factors and adjusting the treatment plan accordingly. In acute left heart failure caused by hypertensive encephalopathy or hypertension, rapid and effective antihypertensive measures must be taken to control the systolic blood pressure to about 21.30 kPa (160 mmHg) by all means within a short period of time. At this time, the choice of antihypertensive drugs, should understand the role of each drug and toxic side effects, contraindications. The combination of drugs should be used to improve the efficacy, reduce toxic side effects and reduce the dose. Special attention should also be paid to individual differences, older or longer duration of hypertension patients, blood pressure drops too quickly in a short period of time, which can lead to complications of the heart, brain, kidneys and other organs. For those with renal insufficiency in the middle and late stages of hypertension, niduldipine, long pressure, methyldopa or loop diuretics (tachyphylaxis, diuretic acid, butfenoxate) can be used, and potassium-protective diuretics (chlorpheniramine) should be used with caution; diuretics, vasodilators and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are appropriate for those with heart failure. The use of converting enzyme inhibitors can improve cardiac function and quality of life in patients with combined diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The use of receptor blockers can also be used, potassium-protective diuretics must be used with caution; pregnant women are safer to use methyldopa, hydrazinepyridazine and alpha-blockers; patients with tachycardia and emotional high pressure disease should use small doses of rosemary preparations (such as hypotensive agents) or beta-blockers; and those with mental depression should not use central antihypertensive drugs such as reserpine and methyldopa. Patients who use antihypertensive drugs for a long time need to gradually figure out an effective maintenance amount according to their own blood pressure control, in order to achieve the best antihypertensive effect with the smallest dose and avoid unnecessary side effects from long-term high-dose medication. When any type of antihypertensive drug needs to be discontinued due to poor efficacy or side effects, the dosage should be gradually reduced and then discontinued, especially for central antihypertensive drugs (such as colistin and methyldopa) and beta-blockers, to avoid serious discontinuation syndrome. The movement should be as slow as possible when changing position (sitting up from a lying position or from a squatting or sitting position) to avoid sudden drop in blood pressure causing syncope and accidents.