In 1941, Huggins and Hodges of the University of Chicago won the Nobel Prize for their research on the role of androgen removal (removal of the testes or medication to remove androgens) in advanced prostate cancer, pioneering endocrine therapy for prostate cancer. Prostate cancer cells are initially dependent on androgens for growth, and any treatment that inhibits androgenic activity can be called androgen removal therapy, which inhibits tumor growth, and is called endocrine therapy for prostate cancer. Endocrine therapy for prostate cancer includes combined endocrine therapy (CAB), debulking therapy alone, neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NHT), adjuvant endocrine therapy (AHT) and intermittent endocrine therapy (IAD). It is an important part of prostate cancer treatment and can lead to significant results in progressive prostate cancer. However, endocrine therapy can also cause some adverse effects such as loss of libido, hot flashes, increased cardiovascular risk events, metabolic syndrome, and cognitive and mood changes.