Cleft lip and palate, also known as cleft lip and palate, is the most common congenital malformation of the oral and maxillofacial region, with an average of 1 out of every 700 babies born suffering from cleft lip and palate. Cleft lip and palate not only seriously affects facial aesthetics, but also directly affects development because the mouth and nasal cavities are connected, often leading to upper respiratory tract infections and complications of otitis media. Children suffer from significant malnutrition due to difficulty sucking milk, which causes severe psychological trauma in children and parents.
Pathogenetic factors This congenital malformation is mainly caused by certain pathogenic factors that lead to impaired fetal facial development between the 4th and 10th week of pregnancy.
The possible causative factors are: 1. Genetic factors: similar malformations occur in the immediate or collateral relatives of some affected children. About 20% of children with cleft lip and palate can be traced to a genetic history.
Infections and injuries: Mothers who have had viral infections such as influenza, rubella or some kind of injury during early pregnancy (around 2 months) may be the cause of cleft lip and palate.
3, The mother suffers from chronic diseases such as anemia, branched urine disease, severe nutritional disorders during pregnancy.
4.Taking certain drugs during pregnancy: such as sedative drugs, anti-seizure drugs and hormonal drugs.
5, the mother has received high doses of x-ray exposure during pregnancy.
Clinical manifestations Most patients with chronic constipation only show difficulty in defecation, dry stool, defecation only once a few days or even once a week, spasmodic pain and falling sensation in the left abdomen during defecation, some patients complained of bitter mouth, loss of appetite, bloating, lower abdominal discomfort, exhaustion or dizziness, headache, fatigue and other neurological symptoms, but generally are not heavy.
In acute cases, constipation occurs within a short period of time without any special reason under the existing regular bowel habits, especially in middle-aged and elderly people who should pay special attention to rectal and colon cancer. Those with severe abdominal pain, vomiting or blood in the stool should consider constipation caused by acute intestinal obstruction. Spasmodic intestinal tubes or fecal masses can often be detected in the descending colon or sigmoid colon on general physical examination, but disappear after defecation. In the case of intestinal obstruction, there are often abdominal distension, abdominal pain, intestinal pattern and intestinal peristaltic waves.
Prevention advice 1. Pre-conception examination. Hare lip is a polygenic hereditary disease, therefore, before pregnancy, a comprehensive and cautious preconception checkup must be conducted. If one or even both parties suffer from the disease or have a family history of the disease, the chance of the fetus having the disease will be high.
2. Clean pregnancy. Mother’s infection with virus, certain drugs, exposure to X-rays, and lack of oxygen during pregnancy may cause genetic mutation and lead to harelip in the baby. Alcoholism and smoking (including second-hand smoke) are invisible killers that lead to infant harelip. Studies show that the incidence of fetal harelip is much higher in pregnant women who smoke and drink heavily than in those who live a healthy life. For this reason, the mother-to-be should get rid of bad habits to protect the health of her baby.
3, pregnant women should avoid partial diet during pregnancy to ensure adequate intake of vitamin BCD and calcium, iron and phosphorus to keep a calm state of mind and avoid mental tension not to take antitumor drugs anticonvulsants histamines for pregnancy vomiting Keminine and certain sleeping pills not to smoke and not to drink alcohol to avoid exposure to radiation microwave, etc.
Treatment The treatment of cleft lip and palate is a series of treatments, one without the other. The aim of treatment is to restore the normal shape of the upper lip and normal speech function.
In order to obtain satisfactory surgical results, the timing of the revision surgery is very important. At present, the best time for surgery for cleft lip is recognized as 3 months after birth at home and abroad. For cleft palate, it is 18 months after birth. Postoperative cleft lip surgery is often accompanied by different degrees of nasal deformity, i.e., flattened nostrils on the cleft side, collapsed nostrils, crooked nasal tip, etc. Nasal deformity correction should be done at the age of 8. In addition, children with cleft lip and palate often have misaligned upper jaw teeth, and appear to be retrognathic, i.e., geodesic.