Interstitial lung disease is a general term for diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, including more than 200 diseases with different etiologies and types, as well as different treatments and prognoses. Treatment is mainly aimed at improving patients’ quality of life and prolonging their survival by stopping or reducing the inflammatory response and pulmonary fibrosis in the lungs. In clinical practice, the treatment options for interstitial lung disease are pharmacotherapy, oxygen therapy, and surgery.1. Pharmacotherapy: Interstitial lung disease or idiopathic interstitial pneumonia due to autoimmune disease is mainly treated by glucocorticoids such as methylprednisolone and prednisone, together with immunosuppressants. If fibrosis is present in the lungs, oral anti-fibrotic drugs are required. Interstitial pneumonia caused by viral infection or mycoplasma infection needs to be treated with drugs such as zanamivir and azithromycin depending on the causative organism; 2. Oxygen therapy: Patients with hypoxemia after activity or at rest need oxygen therapy to assist respiratory circulation, improve lung function, and correct organismal hypoxemia; 3. Surgical treatment: For patients with end-stage interstitial pneumonia, lung transplantation is the main treatment method and the ideal way to prolong the patient’s survival and improve symptoms, but the requirements for surgery are relatively high and expensive. In addition, interstitial pneumonia belongs to the category of lung paralysis in Chinese medicine, and patients can be treated with TCM-type medications under the guidance of a physician. For patients with interstitial lung disease, it is recommended to improve the relevant tests, combine them with the doctor’s opinion, and select the appropriate treatment for their specific condition.