Disorders of internal rotation of the shoulder joint

      GIRD, for short, is caused by the posterior displacement of the humeral head due to repeated forceful throwing movements over a long period of time, which leads to tightening of the posterior glenohumeral joint capsule and relaxation of the anterior glenohumeral joint capsule, resulting in impaired internal rotation, joint instability and detachment of the glenoid labrum of the upper shoulder.    Symptoms: vague pain or no pain, impaired internal rotation of the shoulder, more than 25° difference from the healthy side, and most of the time, excessive external rotation of the shoulder. MRI is sometimes seen: tear of the articular glenoid.     Treatment: 1. Conservative treatment with rest and physiotherapy for 1 month. This is the first line of treatment: posterior traction exercises,; 2. Surgical treatment: posterior capsulorrhaphy and anterior capsulorrhaphy reconstruction; Surgery is considered only when adequate conservative treatment has failed.