What diseases should be distinguished from smoker’s disease? Although smog is a rare cerebrovascular disease, it is important to distinguish it from a number of other diseases. It is also important to rule out the following diseases: Which diseases are easily confused with smog? 1. atherosclerosis, 2. autoimmune diseases, 3. meningitis, brain tumors, 4. Down syndrome, 5. traumatic brain injury, 6. radiation head exposure and hyperthyroidism, etc.; all of these can be determined by imaging, and there are few cases of misdiagnosis. At present, the internationally accepted criteria for the diagnosis of smog are those established by the Japanese Society for the Study of Smog in 1997: the cause of the disease is unknown and the DSA or MRA findings are consistent with progressive stenosis and/or occlusion of the end of the internal carotid artery and the beginning of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries; the arterial phase shows an abnormal smoke-like vascular network. Imaging is currently the main tool for diagnosing smoldering disease. It can reflect the morphological structure of cerebral blood vessels comprehensively with clear images and high resolution, which provides a true three-dimensional pattern for observing vascular lesions, localization and measurement of vascular stenosis, etc., and further provides an accurate scientific basis for treatment. Not only can the morphological structure of the blood vessels in the brain be clearly observed, it provides a true three-dimensional image for the observation of vascular lesions, positioning measurement of vascular stenosis, etc. It also provides an accurate clinical diagnosis of the stenosis or occlusion of the main branches of the cerebral arterial ring bilaterally in patients with smog, and the abnormal smog-like network of tiny blood vessels at the base of the skull. Once the diagnosis of smog is confirmed, joint vascular bypass surgery is recommended for timely treatment. Treatment of smog disease: There are three types of surgical treatment for smog disease, one is direct bypass surgery, the second is patch surgery, also called indirect bypass surgery, and the third is a combination of these two types of surgery, called “combined vascular bypass surgery”, and combined vascular bypass surgery is recommended for the treatment of adult smog disease. This is because the probability of brain hemorrhage is higher in adults with smog, and if we simply use direct bypass or patch surgery, it is likely that brain hemorrhage will still occur during the surgery. For example, patching surgery takes 3-6 months to form new blood flow channels. And the probability of stroke is higher during this period. So the limitations are also greater. Combined vascular bypass surgery: Combined vascular bypass surgery is based on the advantages and disadvantages of the two traditional procedures, bypass + patching together in one surgery, based on the multifactor patching on the basis of bypass, the establishment of multiple blood flow pathways, to provide rich blood for the patient’s brain tissue, which can have the advantages of the patching surgery (a larger blood supply to the brain) and give the new blood vessels the time needed to grow (by the direct This gives the patient the advantage of the patching procedure (larger blood supply to the brain) and the time needed for the neovascularization to grow (normal blood supply is maintained by the direct bypass vessel) to avoid stroke before the neovascularization occurs. This is superior to direct bypass and indirect bypass alone. The surgery has a higher cure rate and less risk. Patients are advised to learn more and communicate with their doctors when choosing the procedure. A skilled physician will be able to better control the direction of the procedure and avoid unnecessary surgical risks.