Patients with thalassemia who undergo routine blood tests with reduced MCV and MCH have a greater incidence and require further examination of hemoglobin electrophoresis or erythrocyte permeability fragility test. According to the results of hemoglobin electrophoresis, HbA2 may be decreased or normal in case of alpha thalassemia; if HbA2 is elevated, it is usually beta thalassemia. If the above tests do not diagnose thalassemia, you need to rely on the genetic test for thalassemia, which can be done by drawing blood in an outpatient clinic. Blood sampling is not related to blood sugar or liver function, and blood can be drawn at any time for testing. Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disorder, and if the parents carry the gene, the newborn may also carry it. The test is usually done at the time of marriage, in order to prevent the birth of fetuses with intermediate and severe thalassemia; if both spouses carry the same type of thalassemia gene, try not to join in marriage, because there is a 1/4 chance of a thalassemia major fetus, 1/4 chance of a normal one, and 1/2 chance of carrying the gene for thalassemia. Interventional prenatal diagnosis is needed to diagnose the possibility of fetal thalassemia major and to provide early guidance for termination of pregnancy. Follow-up treatment of intermediate and heavy fetal births is difficult, and there is no effective treatment both at home and abroad, which will bring a heavy economic burden to the society and families.