Winter and spring are good times for chickenpox. Although chickenpox is not a legal infectious disease in China, the disease is highly contagious and can easily cause concentrated illness in schools or kindergartens. Recently outpatient clinics often receive children and adolescents with chickenpox, children attend classes during the day and parents only find out when they get home at night, so those who come to the clinic are often parents who bring their children to the emergency room at night, and those who come to the emergency room at night account for more than 80% of all day outpatients with chickenpox, and patients often turn around from the emergency department to pediatrics to dermatology and finally come to the infectious disease department. Therefore, it is necessary to make everyone aware of chickenpox. Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused by the first infection of “varicella-zoster virus”. This virus infection after the acute period, will be latent in the peripheral ganglia, when the body’s immunity is low when the virus may re-emerge activity. Winter and spring are good times for chickenpox. Although chickenpox is not a legal infectious disease in China, the disease is highly contagious and can easily cause concentrated illness in schools or kindergartens. Recently outpatient clinics often see children and adolescents with chickenpox. Children attend classes during the day and parents find out only when they return home at night, so those who come to the clinic are often parents who bring their children to the emergency room at night, and those who come to the emergency room at night account for more than 80% of all day outpatients with chickenpox, and patients often turn around from the emergency department to pediatrics to dermatology and finally come to the infectious disease department. Therefore, it is necessary to make everyone aware of chickenpox. Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused by the first infection of “varicella-zoster virus”. This virus infection after the acute period, will be latent in the peripheral ganglia, when the body’s immunity is low when the virus may re-emerge activity. If you have had chickenpox, you will not get it again. If it comes back, it is not chicken pox but shingles. Therefore, chickenpox and shingles are two different diseases caused by the same virus. The period of infection is usually from 1 to 2 days before the rash appears to the complete crusting of the herpes, so if there are children at home with chicken pox or parents with shingles, avoid contact with other children. Chickenpox is transmitted mainly by respiratory droplets or by direct contact. To avoid getting sick, the most important one is to avoid contact with varicella patients and shingles patients. The second can prevent this disease by giving children vaccination against chickenpox, the vaccination is not 100% protection, there are still some people will be re-infected with chickenpox, but the disease is generally less severe, the pox is also less. The disease is mostly seen in children between the ages of 1 and 10. The manifestation of chickenpox is mainly fever and batch appearance of maculopapular rash, herpes, crust. The incubation period of the disease is 12 to 21 days, with an average of 14 days. The onset of the disease is rapid, and there may be prodromal symptoms such as fever, headache, and general lethargy. The rash appears within 24 hours of onset and quickly turns into a round, tense blister of rice to pea size, with a distinct red halo around it and an umbilical fossa in the center of the blister. The blisters dry up and crust over 2 to 3 days, and the scabs are removed and healed without scarring. The lesions are distributed centripetally, starting from the front of the face and later on the trunk and extremities. The number is variable with the trunk being the most common, followed by the face and head, the extremities being less common, and the palmoplantar being even less common. Mucous membranes are also often invaded, and are found in the mouth, pharynx, conjunctiva, vulva, anus, etc. The lesions often occur in batches, so papules, blisters and crusts are often present at the same time, and the disease lasts 2 to 3 weeks. If the child’s resistance is low, the lesions can spread progressively throughout the body, forming disseminated chickenpox. Another disease that children are susceptible to is hand, foot and mouth disease, whose rash distribution is characterized by an eccentric distribution in the hands and feet, knees, buttocks, and mouth, with no rash on the trunk. This is the most significant difference from chickenpox. Adults can also get chickenpox, and once they get sick, the symptoms are usually more severe than those of children, with persistent high fever, severe systemic symptoms, a number of rashes that fuse into patches, and complications such as pneumonia, which should be noted. Some adolescents may mistake herpes on the face for pimples, which requires attention. The clinical phenotypes of chickenpox are: herpetic chickenpox, hemorrhagic chickenpox, neonatal chickenpox, and adult chickenpox. In addition, if chickenpox is contracted during pregnancy, it can cause fetal malformation, premature birth or stillbirth. Chickenpox can be diagnosed by typical clinical manifestations, and usually no pathogen detection and specific serum immunological testing is performed. The total number of white blood cells is normal or slightly lower, and the lymphocytes are relatively high. There is no specific treatment for chickenpox, the main thing is symptomatic treatment to prevent secondary skin infections, keep clean to avoid itching. Strengthen care to prevent secondary infection. Actively isolate the patient to prevent infection. Early isolation until the rash is completely crusted and dry. Use ibuprofen or acetaminophen for fever reduction. Topical treatment is based on antipruritus and prevention of infection, with topical application of glyburide lotion and topical antimicrobial ointment for herpes breakout or secondary infection, and topical application of colored dyes such as gentian violet is not recommended. It is important to emphasize that some infants and children from rural areas have extensive herpes breakouts and skin infections caused by lack of hygiene. Antibiotics are available in case of severe systemic symptoms of secondary infection. Corticosteroids are contraindicated to prevent chickenpox pangs and exacerbations. Hormones may be used as appropriate when chickenpox encephalitis is present. For patients with disseminated varicella with low immunity, neonatal varicella or varicella pneumonia, encephalitis and other serious cases, early antiviral drug therapy should be taken, acyclovir, ganciclovir can be used. Or add a-interferon to inhibit viral replication, prevent viral spread, promote healing of skin lesions and accelerate recovery. It is a good time for chickenpox. Although chickenpox is not a legal infectious disease in China, the disease is highly contagious and can easily cause concentrated illness in schools or kindergartens. Recently outpatient clinics often see children and adolescents with chickenpox, children attend classes during the day and parents only find out when they get home at night, so those who come to the clinic are often parents who bring their children to the emergency room at night, and those who come to the emergency room at night account for more than 80% of all day outpatients with chickenpox, and patients often turn around from the emergency department to pediatrics to dermatology and finally come to the infectious disease department. Therefore, it is necessary to let everyone know about chickenpox, which is an acute infectious disease caused by the first infection of “varicella-zoster virus”. After the acute phase of infection, the virus is latent in the peripheral ganglia and may reappear when the body’s immunity is low. The clinical isotypes of chickenpox are: herpetic chickenpox, hemorrhagic chickenpox, neonatal chickenpox, adult chickenpox, etc. In addition, if chickenpox is contracted during pregnancy, it can cause fetal malformation, premature birth or stillbirth. Chickenpox can be diagnosed by typical clinical manifestations, and usually no pathogen detection and specific serum immunological testing is performed. The total number of white blood cells is normal or slightly lower, and the lymphocytes are relatively high. There is no specific treatment for chickenpox, the main thing is symptomatic treatment to prevent secondary skin infections, keep clean to avoid itching. Strengthen care to prevent secondary infection. Actively isolate the patient to prevent infection. Early isolation until the rash is completely crusted and dry. Use ibuprofen or acetaminophen for fever reduction. Topical treatment is based on antipruritus and prevention of infection, with topical application of glyburide lotion and topical antimicrobial ointment for herpes breakout or secondary infection, and topical application of colored dyes such as gentian violet is not recommended. It is important to emphasize that some infants and children from rural areas have extensive herpes breakouts and skin infections caused by lack of hygiene. Antibiotics are available in case of severe systemic symptoms of secondary infection. Corticosteroids are contraindicated to prevent chickenpox pangs and exacerbations. Hormones may be used as appropriate when chickenpox encephalitis is present. For patients with disseminated varicella with low immunity, neonatal varicella or varicella pneumonia, encephalitis and other serious cases, early antiviral drug therapy should be taken, acyclovir, ganciclovir can be used. Or add a-interferon to inhibit viral replication, prevent viral spread and promote healing of skin lesions.