We are all very familiar with gallstones, and many people even know that they are prone to get gallstones if they do not eat breakfast. The high awareness rate of gallstones also reflects the high incidence of gallstones from one side. The incidence of gallbladder stones in China is 4-7%, with a male to female ratio of about 1:3, and the incidence in Shanghai is about 10%. According to statistics, about 1.5%-6.3% of gallbladder stones develop into gallbladder cancer. It can be seen that the danger of gallstones cannot be ignored! Eating out of gallstones? The relationship between diet and disease is getting more and more attention, and poor eating habits have resulted in many “eating out diseases”, which have become common diseases and prevalent among modern people. For example, obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, gout, hypertension, etc. In addition, the onset of gallstone disease, pancreatitis also has a close relationship with poor eating habits. Why bad eating habits will eat gallstone disease? There are three types of bad eating habits that can cause cholelithiasis. 1, long-term high-fat diet long-term high-fat diet tends to make people obese, less exercise, so that the gallbladder muscle tone decreases, delayed emptying, bile stasis, it will lead to the formation of gallstones. Especially long-term consumption of high cholesterol food, such as animal brain, liver, kidney, colon and other offal, as well as egg yolk, cream, etc., resulting in increased cholesterol concentration, also prone to the formation of gallstones. The most common type of gallbladder stones are cholesterol stones (in addition to bile pigment stones and mixed stones). Although most of the cholesterol in the body is synthesized in the body, a small percentage is also ingested through the diet. Many patients are prone to biliary colic attacks when they consume too much fat or high cholesterol foods in their diet. High-fat and high-cholesterol diet is closely related to the development of gallstone disease. 2, eating too sweet or too acidic food many people like to eat sweets, especially women, most can not resist the temptation of dessert. But sweets eat too much blood sugar will rise, which stimulates insulin secretion, accelerating the accumulation of cholesterol, which is deposited in the bile to form gallstones. In addition, too much sugar will also be converted into fat, leading to obesity, metabolic disorders and increased blood cholesterol concentration, and promote the occurrence of gallstones. And sour foods (such as hawthorn, prunes, etc.) have a strong astringent effect, which can cause biliary colic and aggravate gallstones. 3, unreasonable eating habits (1) do not eat breakfast: many people know that do not eat breakfast is easy to get gallstones, this is because, often do not eat breakfast, fasting time is too long, so that bile secretion is reduced, cholesterol is easy to deposit the formation of gallbladder stones. (2) Binge drinking and overeating: In recent years, with the development of social and economic development, the phenomenon of feasting and binge drinking and overeating is increasing, which has also become a predisposing factor for a variety of diseases. Binge drinking and overeating can lead to biliary tract dysfunction, so that a large amount of bile secretion, strong contraction of the gallbladder caused by inflammation of the gallbladder, gallbladder colic. And overeating food varieties, also mostly high fat, high cholesterol, high protein, high sugar, high calories, is also the cause of the formation of gallstone disease. (3) Alcoholism: long-term heavy drinking can lead to alcoholic fatty liver, cirrhosis and other liver lesions, so that the bile evacuation is blocked stasis, is also one of the causes of gallstones. Different stone onset characteristics For biliary colic attacks, patients who have experienced them are afraid of palpitations, but not all patients with gallstone disease will have biliary colic. Gallstones are usually referred to as gallbladder stones, but in addition to gallbladder stones, there are also extrahepatic bile duct stones and intrahepatic bile duct stones. Different types of gallstones have different symptoms, and some patients are even asymptomatic for a long time. 1, gallbladder stones: most of them are asymptomatic, some of them may appear as biliary colic, men often have attacks after eating fatty food, women have more frequent pain at night. If the right upper abdominal pain continues to worsen, accompanied by nausea, vomiting or fever, it may be acute cholecystitis. 2, extrahepatic bile duct stones: more serious, often inducing cholangitis or biliary pancreatitis, Charcot’s “triad” (abdominal pain, chills and high fever and jaundice). Intrahepatic bile duct stones: the symptoms are atypical, usually only discomfort and distension in the liver or chest and back; however, fever and jaundice may occur during acute attacks. Repeated attacks may lead to liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Thus, in addition to biliary colic, other symptoms such as right upper abdominal pain (sometimes radiating to the right back), discomfort in the liver area, nausea and vomiting, fever, and jaundice may be caused by gallstone disease. In particular, bloating discomfort and paroxysmal chronic abdominal pain are easily ignored or dismissed as other diseases by patients. When doctors ask for medical history, some patients say they have not had symptoms, but in fact they have happened, only they did not think those were the symptoms of gallstone attack at that time. How to treat complicated bile duct stones What we generally understand by gallstones is that they grow in the gallbladder, and even if the gallbladder is severely cut, the stones can be removed, and although they may have an effect on digestive function, they are not life-threatening. However, there is another type of stone that grows in the liver, namely intrahepatic bile duct stones, which cannot be easily removed from the liver. The most complex of all gallstone treatments are intrahepatic bile duct stones. Its causes are complex and involve many problems of the liver itself, such as abnormal bile metabolism, abnormal bile duct anatomy, biliary roundworms, etc. It occurs in the right posterior lobe of the liver or the left outer lobe of the liver. Prof. Sun said that if intrahepatic bile duct stones have repeated episodes of cholangitis, resulting in fibrosis of the affected liver lobe and liver atrophy, liver resection is needed to remove the stones. If left untreated, later on the more severe ones combined with cirrhosis, the only option is liver transplantation. Three prescriptions for cholelithiasis Prescription 1: Adjust the diet structure and develop good habits. The diet has been described above, in the habits of life should be regular, combined with work and rest, do not stay up late, to ensure adequate sleep, while avoiding the burden of work pressure on the body function, to maintain a good mental state. For gallstone patients this is a means of life treatment, but also a preventive measure for gallstone disease. It should be reminded that after the removal of the gallbladder, not everything will be fine and no more stones will grow, but we still need to prevent the formation of stones, i.e. intrahepatic bile duct stones. Prescription 2: Exercise to lose weight, self-assessment, seize the time to seek medical attention. Obesity is a risk factor for gallstone disease, on the one hand, because obese people have more cholesterol in their bodies than ordinary people, obese people often love to eat a high cholesterol diet, plus the body’s own synthesis of endogenous cholesterol is also more, a study shows that every 10 kg of increased fat tissue, will synthesize about 200 mg more cholesterol per day, equivalent to the cholesterol contained in an extra egg; on the other hand, obese people On the other hand, the content of phospholipids and bile acids in the bile is also changed, which makes cholesterol in the bile easy to reach supersaturation, so it is deposited into the bile duct and forms stones. According to statistics, the number of gallstones with clinical symptoms can increase 6 times when the body weight exceeds 50% of the ideal weight. Prescription 3: Individualized treatment plan. The treatment of cholelithiasis is not a “one-size-fits-all” treatment, and the “three heads and six arms” are not all used, but an individualized treatment plan should be developed according to each person’s specific situation. For patients, do not blindly follow the trend, should choose the conditions of the regular medical institutions to seek medical treatment.