Congenital heart disease is the most common type of congenital malformation, which refers to an anatomical abnormality caused by impaired formation or abnormal development of the heart and great vessels during embryonic development, or failure to close channels that should close automatically after birth (which is normal in the fetus). According to the hemodynamic combined with pathophysiological changes, congenital heart disease can be classified as cyanotic or non-cyanotic, and can also be divided into three categories according to the presence or absence of shunts: non-shunt category (e.g. pulmonary stenosis, aortic constriction) left-to-right shunt category (e.g. atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus) and right-to-left shunt category (e.g. tetralogy of Fallot, large vessel misalignment). There are many types of congenital heart disease, and the clinical presentation depends mainly on the size and complexity of the malformation. Complex and severe malformations can present with severe symptoms shortly after birth and can even be life-threatening. Some simple malformations such as ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus can have no obvious symptoms in the early stage, but the disease can still potentially develop and worsen, requiring timely hospital consultation. There are various treatments for congenital heart disease such as surgical treatment, interventional treatment and drug treatment. The choice of treatment and the most appropriate time for surgery should be recommended by a cardiologist according to the condition and the specific circumstances of the child. The non-shunt category or left-to-right shunt category has a good outcome and a better prognosis after timely surgery. In the case of right-to-left shunt or compound malformation, the surgery is complicated and difficult in more severe cases, and some children cannot be completely corrected due to imperfect development of certain heart structures, so only palliative surgery can be performed to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life. For babies with congenital heart disease, parents need to take good care of them, avoid infection, enhance nutrition and monitor growth and development.