There are various causes of growth retardation, including normal growth variation and organic diseases that cause growth retardation. Normal growth variation, which is mainly due to genetic factors, accounts for about 80% of growth retardation. It is mainly due to familial short stature. These are mainly related to congenital genetic factors and are caused by familial cases of short stature, with no abnormalities in intellectual or motor function development. Pathological causes are mainly caused by organic diseases, and pathological causes of growth retardation account for a relatively low percentage. It is mainly due to chromosomal abnormalities, which are mainly seen in children with Down’s syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities, but also metabolic problems, such as hypothyroidism, and possibly osteochondrodysplasia, chronic anemia, chronic malnutrition, growth hormone deficiency, and hypothyroidism, which may cause growth retardation. In addition, brain damage during birth due to intrauterine hypoxia may lead to cerebral palsy, resulting in delayed motor development, mental development, and language development. The causes of growth retardation are complex and varied, and need to be analyzed according to the specific situation. Different causes of growth retardation have different manifestations and different treatments, and need to be investigated in the growth and development department.