After atrial septal defect occlusion, patients are basically no different from normal people, but postoperative anticoagulation and regular follow-up are needed to avoid postoperative complications that may affect the therapeutic efficacy and patient’s prognosis. After atrial septal defect occlusion, patients should be closely observed for cardiac function and rhythm, and appropriate medication should be given immediately when arrhythmia occurs. Postoperative anticoagulation with heparin or antiplatelet drugs as prescribed by the doctor can reduce the risk of thromboembolic complications, and for elderly patients with low platelet counts, oral anticoagulation with warfarin is required. For patients with large diameter atrial septal defects, regular ultrasonographic follow-up should be performed 6 months after surgery to detect thrombus on the surface of the occluder in a timely manner, and anticoagulation therapy should be intensified if thrombus is found. After atrial septal defect occlusion, although it improves the patient’s prognosis, there is still a risk of postoperative complications, which should be avoided by following the doctor’s instructions for medication and regular follow-up in the hospital.