The elderly should not go to places with many people and cars, and should not go out when it is raining, snowing or when the ground is watery or icy to avoid falling and fractures. Because of the weakness of the lower limbs and slow reaction of the elderly, do not climb ladders or climb high, and do not walk on steep slopes to avoid falls. Be careful when walking outside, walk slowly, the soles of shoes should not be slippery, walking with the aid of a cane is appropriate, hold the railing and step on the stairs. If you have symptoms such as blurred vision, deafness, dizziness, etc., try to go out less, and when you have to go out, have someone to help you walk and walk with a cane to prevent falls. How to respond when an elderly person falls to the ground and cannot move 1. If there is a wound, it should be bandaged urgently and pressure should be applied to stop the bleeding. 2, contact the relevant departments, report where the scene, how the injury, what treatment has been done, etc.. Do not leave the sick and wounded alone unattended. 3.Do not give the sick and wounded any drinks and food for the time being. 4.For elderly people with breathing difficulties, asphyxiation and cardiac arrest, place the head in a backward position and hold up the jaws as soon as possible, while cleaning oral secretions in time to keep the airway open. Apply artificial respiration, chest cardiac compressions and other resuscitation operations, and resuscitate in place. 5, spinal injury to elderly patients in the process of first aid transport, must pay attention to keep the head and neck and trunk of the casualty in a straight position, never make the spine flexed and twisted. Especially cervical spine injuries, more careful handling, and to fix. Do not lift the head, torso or sit up. 6, the best means of transport with a flat stretcher or door plate, should not easily turn the casualty. Femoral neck fractures in the elderly should be treated surgically. The elderly are prone to femoral neck fractures, especially those aged 50-70. Because of osteoporosis and fragility of the femoral neck in the elderly, fractures can occur with a slight fall. If the fracture is not treated in time and appropriately, it will lead to non-healing fracture or ischemic necrosis of the femoral head and traumatic arthritis, which will seriously affect the life of the elderly. The traditional treatment is skin traction or bone traction, and most of the surgical treatment is internal fixation with a limited nail plate system, but none of the patients can get up early, and a considerable number of elderly hip fracture patients have serious complications or even lost their lives due to long-term bed rest. The use of surgical treatment for femoral neck fractures in elderly patients not only enables patients to get out of bed early, reduces the complications caused by bed rest, and significantly reduces the mortality rate, but also reduces the burden of life care for patients’ families and significantly improves the quality of life of patients with ultra-high-age femoral neck fractures. Patients should be thoroughly examined as soon as possible after admission, and their coexisting medical diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders, respiratory diseases, diabetes, mental and neurological diseases, chronic liver and kidney insufficiency and urinary system diseases, should be actively treated. For patients who have been identified for surgical treatment, the preoperative preparation time should be shortened as much as possible, emphasizing “two shortening”: first, shortening the time between injury and surgery (preferably not more than 1 week), and second, shortening the time of bed rest after surgery (should be out of bed 3-5 days after surgery). This is because any unnecessary examination and delay may deprive the patient of the opportunity of surgical treatment. As long as there are no absolute contraindications to surgery, surgery should be performed as soon as possible, and from this point of view, time is life. How to treat sprains Sprains are soft tissue injuries in the joint area, such as skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments and blood vessels, without fractures, dislocations, skin breaks and other symptoms. Ankle sprains have the highest incidence of sports injuries. When a sprain occurs, localized joint swelling, pain, and even fracture can occur in severe cases. Now take the ankle joint as an example to explain the principles of sprain treatment. 1.When dealing with the injury, first apply ice to the injured area, and then fix the ankle joint with an elastic bandage. 2. Don’t let the injured foot hit the ground before the swelling decreases, and keep the injured foot elevated if possible, and generally the injured foot should be higher than the heart when resting in bed. Depending on the swelling, you can walk with crutches after two or three weeks. If the foot is not obviously swollen, you can gradually put weight on it until you can walk alone without crutches. 3.If the sprain is more serious, it should be sent to the doctor for treatment. The doctor will conduct some corresponding examinations, the purpose of which is to determine the possibility of fracture or dislocation, the degree of ligament damage, in order to decide the next treatment plan.