Rabies is a zoonotic acute infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by rabies virus. The disease was also called “hydrophobia” because of the prominent clinical manifestations of rabies patients’ fear of drinking water. The main clinical manifestations are characteristic mania, fear of anxiety, fear of wind and water, salivation and pharyngeal muscle spasms, and eventually life-threatening paralysis. September 28, 2015 is the ninth World Rabies Day in the world. China is a highly endemic area for rabies, with the second highest total number of cases in the world. In recent years, with a large increase in the number of pet dogs kept by families, the incidence of rabies has increased significantly, with thousands of cases each year and an almost 100% fatality rate, making it the infectious disease with the highest fatality rate. Despite the high death rate of rabies, people do not have to panic too much about rabies, because its incidence is still very low. This means that the number of people who develop rabies after being bitten by an animal such as a dog or cat is not very high. Once the disease develops, the mortality rate is extremely high, so the focus of rabies “in prevention not treatment”, after being bitten by a suspicious animal, or to pay great attention to the prevention of morbidity, proper wound treatment, early vaccination is the key to reduce the chance of morbidity. I. Rabies focus “in prevention not treatment” 1. Control the source of infection: It is unrealistic to completely ban dog breeding in China. Strengthening management is better than banning, and breeders should register and do a good job of vaccinating their dogs. Wild dogs and rabid dogs are found and should be caught and killed immediately. Be sure to do a good job of final disinfection, deep burying or burning, and never skinning. 2.After being bitten by a suspicious animal (unvaccinated cats and dogs, or wild animals of unknown origin), all wounds should be treated as early as possible. Studies have shown that the more timely and thorough the wound treatment, the better it is for rabies prevention. The treatment steps are as follows: (1) Drain the dirty blood: For wounds with less bleeding, it is recommended to squeeze out as much blood as possible, or to cut the skin around the wound with a clean syringe to promote local blood flow. This is because blood can bring out rabies virus that may have been carried into the wound by animal saliva. Remember not to suck the blood with your mouth. This is because the rabies virus may invade tiny breaks in the mouth, prompting rapid entry of the virus into the brain and accelerating the onset of disease. (2) Rinse the wound: Rinse repeatedly with 20% soapy water or Neosporin. If it is a penetrating wound, use (3) disinfect the wound after rinsing and repeatedly cauterize the wound with 5% tincture of iodine. Unless the injury to the large blood vessels need to stop bleeding urgently, even if the wound is deep and large should not be sutured and bandaged. (4) For patients with deep wounds and wounds close to the head, use anti-rabies immune serum for infiltration injection in or around the wound. (5) Give tetanus antitoxin and appropriate antibacterial drugs as needed. 3. Vaccination At present, it is advocated that rabies vaccine should be injected after being bitten, scratched or licked by dogs, cats, wolves and other animals. From the time of the first vaccination, antibodies are produced in about 3 weeks and reach a peak in about 1 month, so rabies vaccination is required within 24 hours of the bite, and not later than 48 hours. If more than 48 hours have passed, vaccination is still recommended to reduce the risk of morbidity. Generally, the bite victim receives one rabies vaccination each on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 30, for a total of five doses. If the bite is severe or the injury is near the central nerve, the vaccine can be doubled in the first and second doses; in some special cases, such as: the onset of rabies is confirmed during the observation period of the injured animal, or another person bitten by the injured animal has an attack of rabies, a booster dose can be given on the 90th day. If the animal is injured again within 1 year after completion of the vaccination, one injection is sufficient on the day of the injury; if the animal is injured again within 1 to 3 years after vaccination, one injection is required on day 0, 3 days and 7 days, for a total of 3 injections. If the animal is injured again after 3 years of vaccination, 5 injections are required again. (1) Pre-exposure prophylaxis: Pre-exposure prophylaxis should be given to animal managers, veterinarians, cavity workers (potential contact with rabid bats) and field workers and medical and scientific personnel who may come into contact with rabies virus. One dose of vaccine can be administered intramuscularly on days 0, 7 and 28; to save costs or vaccine, 0.1 ml can also be administered intradermally on days 0, 7 and 28, and the immunization effect is similar to that of intramuscular injection. Later, 0.1 ml of the vaccine was injected intradermally every 2 years as booster immunization. (3) Post-exposure prophylaxis: According to WHO recommendations, a rabies vaccine regimen of one dose each on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 30, and 90 is used for the entire course of 6 injections, with the last one being non-compulsory. Adults must be injected in the deltoid muscle, never in the gluteal area (due to its poor antigenic effect); children are injected in the anterolateral thigh muscle area. For severe bites (bites on the head, neck, etc. or large and deep wounds), one injection of the vaccine can be given every day from 0 to 6 days, and then one injection each on 10, 14, 30 and 90 days, respectively, for a total of 10 injections. 4. The application of immune serum is a passive immunization method. The commonly used products are anti-rabies horse serum and human anti-rabies immunoglobulin. It should be used in cases where the bite wound is deep and extensive or occurs on the head, face, hands, neck, etc., and the biting animal does have rabies, and the highly effective immune serum should be injected as soon as possible. Rabies is the most dangerous viral disease among all infectious diseases, and the prognosis is extremely poor once it develops. So far there is no special treatment, the clinical application of a variety of new drugs such as interferon alpha, adenosine, transfer factor and high-dose human anti-rabies globulin treatment, all failed. Therefore, emphasis is placed on timely prophylactic treatment after the bite, and symptomatic comprehensive treatment for patients after the onset of the disease. It must be noted that once the onset of rabies, although the death rate is extremely high, but through supervision and treatment, there is still hope for survival, so it should be actively rescued. Third, dietary considerations 1, rabies patients eat what is good for the body (1) eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. (2) supply easily digested and absorbed protein food, such as milk, eggs, fish, soy products, etc. 2, rabies is best not to eat which food: (1) avoid spicy and other stimulating food: spicy food such as chili, mustard, pepper; spicy hot food such as mutton, dog meat and other hot food, can aggravate the disease. (2) Avoid salty cold and sweet and greasy foods: salty cold foods such as pickles can cause coughing, which is not conducive to patient quietness and aggravates symptoms; sweet and greasy foods, such as snacks and cakes, can also make the spleen and stomach unhealthy and aggravate coughing, which is also not conducive to patient quietness, both of which aggravate symptoms and should be avoided. (3) Avoid alcohol and coffee: both can stimulate nerve excitement, which can induce manic episodes in patients and can aggravate the condition. (4) forbidden to eat hair. Such as cilantro, fish, shrimp, crab, chicken head, pork head, leek, etc. In short, at present, rabies still lacks effective treatment, and the death rate is close to 100%, so we must vigorously strengthen prevention efforts to rapidly control the spread and prevalence of rabies. Widely carry out publicity on the basic knowledge of rabies prevention and control.