Restoration of dental defects: restoring the morphology, function and aesthetics of the defective tooth with artificially fabricated restorations. The restorations used for restorative treatment of dental defects include inlays, partial crowns, full crowns and pile crowns. Dong Haitao, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China Fixed denture (fixed bridge) restoration for tooth loss: using natural teeth or roots at both ends or one end of the gap as abutment teeth, thus restoring the anatomical form and physiological function of the missing teeth.