Tianjin Port “8-12” major fire and explosion accident, the explosion shock wave caused by blast injuries, burns, shock waves destroyed the surrounding buildings generated by the debris caused by the trauma is the main injuries of the accident. First aid experts reminded, for such sudden explosion, if the daily can have some knowledge of self-help explosion can also minimize the damage. First, self-help for sudden explosion, we are not completely helpless, there are many emergency measures can help us reduce the damage. When an unknown explosion occurred, may be accompanied by chemical leakage: If possible, as soon as possible to determine the location of the explosion and possible chemical leakage, and then immediately away from the explosion, leakage area! If something falls around you, get under a sturdy dining table or desk. When it stops falling, leave quickly, beware of obviously unstable floors and stairs. When evacuating from a building, be extra careful of falling debris. Do not stand in front of windows, glass doors or other potentially hazardous areas. IF AN EXPLOSION, SPILL HAPPENS IN YOUR BUILDING: If there is smoke, get down low. Do not stop to go back and forth to get personal belongings or to make a phone call. Do not use an elevator. If it is not possible to leave the building or go through the blast area, find a place as far away from the blast area as possible and take precautions on the spot. If you are outside at the time of the explosion: Calculate how quickly you can find fresh air and determine whether you should flee as soon as possible or enter the nearest building and shelter in place. If you choose to escape, determine the direction of the wind, immediately move upwind to the explosion. Second, first aid 1, was shattered glass scratches how to do? First of all, once the glass is stuck, please always remember not to use your hands directly to wipe the debris, especially when the debris is stuck in the clothes, directly with your hands to wipe the glass fragments will be stabbed. First, rinse the wound with tap water. If there is a large shard stuck in the head or chest, send it to the hospital for treatment immediately. Second, use tweezers to remove small fragments and then sterilize them. If the small fragments are shallow, use tweezers to remove them one by one. When the glass fragments are completely removed, rinse them with tap water and disinfect them. Thirdly, you can also use antiseptic solution to remove small fragments and then rinse the wound. If the wound is covered with tiny fragments. You can use antiseptic solution to make it float, and then rinse off the floating glass fragments with tap water. Fourth, wrap the bandage. After disinfection, to put on a bandage. At this time, be careful not to apply ointment to the wound. In addition, if the glass inserted into the body deeper, should not be blindly removed, glass fragments may touch the tendon, so try to gently bend the finger, to find out if the tendon is broken, if the tendon is broken, please go to the hospital for treatment. 2.How to give first aid to a head injury? The skull itself is very hard, so normal external forces rarely cause skull injuries. If the external force is too strong, the fragile blood vessels in the neck, back and head will become “victims”. First aid: If the head got a bag, then use an ice pack on the affected area can reduce edema. If the head after being smashed began to bleed, the disposal of the same way and was cut in the same way, that is, with a clean towel to stop the bleeding of the wound, and then go to the hospital to sew up the wound, and check whether there are internal injuries. If the smashed person faints, then you need to call an ambulance and send him to the hospital quickly, without a moment’s delay. It is absolutely forbidden: do not let the injured person sleep alone. Within 24 hours of being smashed, someone must accompany the injured; if the injured fall asleep, then every three hours to wake up the injured once, and let the injured answer a few simple questions to ensure that the injured are not unconscious, no intracranial injuries, such as concussion. 3.What are the key points of first aid for fracture? Stop bleeding: Pay attention to the wound and the general condition. If the wound is bleeding, stop the bleeding first, then bandage and fix it. Cushioning: In order to make the fixation proper and stable and prevent the skin of the protruding part from abrasion, the bone protrusion should be cushioned with soft materials such as cotton or cloth, and make sure that the fixation materials such as splints don’t directly contact the skin. Don’t move the fractured part: in order to prevent the broken end of the bone from injuring the nerves and blood vessels, it should not be moved arbitrarily during the fixation; the exposed broken bone should not be sent back to the wound, so as not to increase the contamination. However, on-site first aid, moving the injured limb is inevitable, such as the risk of re-injury to make the injured, to first move the injured to a safe place, in the bandage fixation is also unavoidable to move the injured limb, this time one person can hold the top of the injury, the other holds the lower end of the injury ramp with the longitudinal axis of the limb for the opposite direction of the traction, in the case of the injured limb does not distort to let the bone ends apart, and then the traction side of the same direction, and the other person can be fixed, the other person can move in the same direction. The other person can carry out immobilization, the immobilization should tie the upper end of the broken end first, and then tie the lower end, and then immobilize the upper and lower joints of the broken end. Fixation. The tightness of the binding should be moderate, too loose is easy to slip off and lose the fixation effect, too tight will affect the blood circulation. The tips of the fingers (toes) should be exposed during fixation so as to observe the blood flow. If the tips of the fingers (toes) are found to be pale or bruised, the fixation bandage may be too tight, and should be loosened and re-bandaged. After the fixation is completed, the time of fixation should be recorded, and quickly sent to the hospital for further diagnosis and treatment. 4.How to deal with burns and scalds in an emergency? Quickly detach from the source of injury. Regardless of the cause of burns, the first task of first aid on the scene is to immediately detach the source of injury, to maximize the blockage of the source of injury to the organization of further damage to the organism. Cold therapy as early as possible. For small and medium-sized superficial burns cold therapy can reduce the heat of further damage to the wound, rapid relief of pain, and simple and easy to implement, is a very important and effective first aid burn scene measures. Specific practice is: the burn wound in the tap shower or immersed in clean cold water (water temperature to the casualty can tolerate prevail, generally 15 ~ 20 ℃, summer can be in the water with ice), or clean cold (ice) water wet towels, gauze pads, etc. on the trauma, but too low a temperature of cold therapy is also unfavorable to the trauma. There is no clear limit to the time of cold therapy, generally grasp to the degree that the pain is significantly reduced after the cessation of cold therapy, more than 0.5 to 1 hour or longer. Protect the wound. Burn wounds can be covered with clean dressings, towels, sheets and other simple bandages, appropriate protection to prevent recontamination. Do not apply inappropriate substances to the burn wound, do not apply drugs, such as: unknown dose of antibiotics, disinfectants, etc. in order to avoid over-absorption poisoning. Do not apply colorful drugs, such as red mercury, gentian violet, so as not to hinder the observation of the wound and the depth of judgment. Do not apply substances that are not easy to remove, such as butter, soy sauce, sesame oil, toothpaste, incense ash, etc., because these substances do not play any therapeutic role in the wound, but will hinder the wound and increase the chance of contamination of the wound. What should I do when I get a chemical burn? The on-site treatment for chemical skin burns is to move away from the scene immediately and quickly remove chemically stained clothing, pants, shoes and socks. Regardless of acid, alkali or other chemical burns, immediately rinse the wound with large amounts of running tap water or water for no less than 30 minutes. Don’t put ointment or red potion on the fresh wound arbitrarily, and don’t wrap it with dirty cloth. Yellow phosphorus burns should be rinsed with large amounts of water, soaked or covered with layers of wet cloth. Then it should be sent to the hospital in time.