Eyes are the windows to the soul, and everyone wants their children to have a pair of clear, bright and beautiful eyes. However, we often see children suffering from various eye diseases in clinical practice: congenital eye diseases such as congenital cataracts; eye diseases caused by inattention to eye protection, such as various types of eye trauma in children; and many eye diseases caused by inattention to eye care in daily life and inappropriate overuse of eyes, such as visual fatigue and eye inflammation. With proper eye care protection knowledge and measures, many childhood eye diseases can be prevented or avoided. The vast majority of childhood eye diseases can be treated well with timely and appropriate management. Since human visual development is immature during early childhood and is a critical period for the development of visual function, eye diseases that occur in early childhood have a great impact on the normal development of visual function in the future, and early detection and treatment of eye diseases can minimize the negative impact of lesions on the development of visual function. Children do not express their condition voluntarily, so early detection and timely consultation by parents is one of the key factors affecting the effectiveness of treatment for childhood eye diseases. Early detection of children’s eye problems in daily life requires parents to have some knowledge of eye care, especially about children’s eye care, and to know how to prevent and detect children’s eye health problems in time, which will be important for children’s eye health and the development of visual function. The treatment effect of children’s eye diseases is closely related to the cooperation of parents and active follow-up treatment, and the treatment effect of some common clinical eye diseases such as amblyopia is directly related to the cooperation of parents. This will lead to better treatment of eye diseases and optimal visual function of both eyes. The life patterns of today’s children are changing dramatically, and the life and learning patterns of today’s children are significantly different from those of their parents in those days. Knowledge of children’s eye care can prevent and avoid the occurrence and development of eye diseases as much as possible, prevent and detect eye diseases in children as early as possible, and better cooperate with the treatment and daily care of children’s eye diseases, while taking care of babies’ eye health more effectively.