What is congenital oblique neck? Congenital squint is a more common congenital malformation in clinical practice. It can be broadly divided into two types: First, it is congenital bony squint, which occurs on the basis of developmental defects of the cervical spine, such as squint due to hemivertebral malformation. Second, congenital myelomeningocele, which is caused by fibrosis and contracture of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on one side. Myotonic squint accounts for the majority of cases. What are the clinical manifestations of congenital squint? A hard oval mass in the lower part of the affected sternocleidomastoid muscle can be found 7-14 days after birth, which gradually increases in size, and after two months the mass begins to shrink and finally disappears completely. The head is gradually pulled towards the affected side, the neck is twisted, the face is tilted, and the jaw is biased towards the healthy side. When the head and neck are turned or the head is tilted, the affected sternocleidomastoid muscle becomes tense and manifests as a distinct subcutaneous cord. After a long time, the face and skull can be gradually deformed and asymmetrical on both sides: the eyes are not at the same level, or even unequal in size; the skull on the affected side is flat and small; the distance between the eyebrows and eyes and the corners of the mouth is reduced compared with the healthy side. How to treat congenital oblique neck? A finger-sized lump at one month after birth can be softened and reduced, and the neck movement is not restricted and can be healed by itself. Most cases resolve spontaneously by 6-12 months, but in some cases, the masses are larger and the sternocleidomastoid muscle becomes corded and contracted, resulting in limited neck rotation. The period of self-resolution in infancy is one and a half years after birth and can be reviewed periodically to observe the improvement of symptoms. Non-surgical treatment mainly includes local heat, massage and manipulation to promote early dissipation of the mass and prevent muscle fiber contracture. The child’s head should be kept in the corrected position during sleep and fixed with small sand bags on both sides, and an orthopedic cap adapted to the head circumference can also be worn to fix the head. Surgical treatment should be performed from 6 months to 12 years of age after birth, with the best age for surgery being 1-4 years. The best age for surgery is 1-4 years old. The main procedures are “sternocleidomastoidectomy” and “sternocleidomastoid lengthening”.