Thyroid adenoma is a common and frequent clinical disease, most of which are benign lesions and a few are cancerous, divided into two categories: benign and malignant. The etiology is unclear, and the pathological changes are thyroid follicular hyperplasia and enlargement of thyroid tissue. Benign tumors are soft in texture, while malignant tumors are hard in texture. In addition to the fact that thyroid tumors are hormone-dependent tumors, women in this age group are prone to develop the disease because of the strong secretion of estrogen and progesterone, and it is also related to white-collar women’s competition in the workplace, life pressure and environmental pollution. Young women’s emotional instability, mental stress, late childbirth and abortion lead to endocrine disorders and are vulnerable to cancer cells. In order to resist the attack of thyroid tumor, young women should learn self-examination of thyroid gland by lightly pressing both sides of the trachea in front of the neck with fingers through the mirror. There are several ways to self-examine thyroid tumor as follows: 1. Pay attention to the shape of the enlarged thyroid gland. The shape of an enlarged thyroid gland is generally divided into two categories: one is butterfly-shaped, which is mostly seen in patients with thyroiditis and some hyperthyroidism; the other is a round lump in a part of the thyroid gland, which is mostly seen in thyroid cysts, thyroid adenomas, nodular goiter, and also thyroid cancer. 2. Pay attention to the size of the lump. Generally, the diameter of a single nodule of benign tumor or cyst is around 2 cm; if the diameter exceeds 2 cm, thyroid cancer should be suspected. 3. Pay attention to the smoothness and softness of the lump. If a single nodule is enlarged but has a smooth and even surface, it may be an adenoma; if a single nodule is enlarged, does not appear smooth and has a solid feeling, it should be suspected to be a cancer. 4. Pay attention to the growth rate of the lump. Benign tumors and cysts can last from several months to several years; thyroid cancer lumps grow significantly. 5. Pay attention to whether lymph nodes can be palpated around the lump. If hard lymph nodes can be touched in the neck around the thyroid gland, you should consult a doctor quickly.