Hematuria is a common reason for intrarenal and urinary visits. Red urine does not equal hematuria, and many red foods and medications can also cause red urine. Also, positive urine occult blood is not necessarily hematuria.
Generally speaking, there are 2 major types of hematuria, one is hematuria caused by various nephritis, which is called medical hematuria, and the other is hematuria caused by bleeding in the urinary system (including kidney, ureter, bladder or urinary tract) due to various reasons, which is called surgical hematuria. The presence of medical hematuria indicates the presence of some kind of primary or secondary glomerulonephritis, while there are more kinds of diseases that cause surgical hematuria, and the common causes include urinary system infections, stones, tumors, etc.
For hematuria, it is recommended that you have urine red blood cell microscopy and urological ultrasound to identify medical hematuria and surgical hematuria, as well as to understand your medical history and symptoms in detail, and to help improve the examination of related causes to identify the diseases causing hematuria. For patients with hematuria that requires aggressive treatment, we will advise you on the appropriate treatment.
Generally speaking, the majority of asymptomatic medical hematuria is considered to be a benign primary glomerulonephritis in the absence of secondary disease, and most patients will not experience further kidney damage as a result. Meanwhile, it is recommended to avoid various factors that may cause or aggravate kidney damage in your life, including trying to prevent infection, avoiding overexertion, and especially avoiding the application of drugs that have kidney damage.
What are the causes of hematuria?
1. urinary tract infection, usually accompanied by a burning or painful sensation when urinating, as well as an increase in the number of urinations.
2. kidney stones, often with discomfort such as back pain and lumbago.
3, glomerulonephritis, such as IgA nephropathy.
4, enlarged prostate, commonly in older gay men.
5, tumors of the bladder, prostate or kidney.
6, strenuous exercise.
7, trauma.
What tests should be performed?
The following are the most common tests used when looking for the cause of blood in the urine, usually based on your age, major symptoms and individual circumstances.
1. urine routine – the simplest confirmation and initial screening test, focusing on white blood cells, red blood cells, tubularity and urine protein.
2. renal function – blood tests to see if the kidneys are working properly
3, renal vascular ultrasound – focus on the presence of “nutcracker phenomenon”.
4. renal ultrasound or CT – to check for kidney stones and other urinary tract problems.
5. Cystoscopy – During a cystoscopy, the doctor inserts a small catheter into the urethra, the tube through which urine flows out of the body. The catheter is then pushed upward into the bladder. The catheter has a miniature camera that projects images of the bladder onto a screen. If the physician sees any abnormalities, a sample of tissue (biopsy) is taken so that it can be observed under a microscope.
6. kidney puncture biopsy – usually done with ultrasound visualization, a puncture needle is passed straight through the skin of the lower back and then inserted into the kidney, from which the doctor will take a small sample of tissue for staining and observation to clarify the type of kidney lesion.