Nasal congestion, headache, runny nose, sneezing and other symptoms of rhinitis and sinusitis plague about 15% of the world’s population. Although most patients can be cured by systematic and regular medication, a considerable number of patients, especially those with lesions in the anatomy of the nasal cavity and sinuses, still need surgical treatment. However, the anatomy of the nasal cavity and sinuses is complex and hidden, and the lesions are in narrow, tortuous cavities, so surgery is limited by inconvenient operation and poor visualization, thus the traditional surgical treatment is highly injurious and ineffective. Since the 1990s, functional endoscopic sinus surgery has been widely used in China, pushing rhinology to a brand new stage and bringing a revolution in the field of rhinology, which has greatly increased the cure rate of rhinitis, sinusitis and nasal polyps, while featuring incisionless face, small trauma and fast recovery after surgery. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery has become a standard surgical intervention for chronic rhinosinusitis, and has basically been popularized in hospitals above the county level nationwide, but the level still varies greatly from region to region and from hospital to hospital, and the quality is uneven. Some patients who have undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery do not understand the postoperative follow-up medication change, and do not understand why they need to change the medication under the endoscope after the surgery, and also need to perform local medication such as nasal rinsing. Did the surgery not work or did this surgery fail? This requires a proper understanding of functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The modern emphasis for chronic rhinosinusitis is on comprehensive treatment. Surgery is only one part of the treatment, which turns the traditional destructive surgery of radical scraping of the mucous membrane in the sinus into a functional surgery that preserves the normal mucous membrane and structure of the nasal cavity and sinus as much as possible on the basis of complete removal of the lesion, forming good ventilation and drainage, and promoting the recovery of the morphology and physiological function of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and sinus according to the extent of the lesion, so as to achieve the recovery of the nasal cavity and sinus itself. The aim is to cure sinusitis and nasal polyps and prevent recurrence of the lesions by restoring the physiological function of the nasal cavity and sinuses. It is important to emphasize that the surgery itself does not directly treat the inflammation, but only creates conditions for the benign regression of mucosal inflammation. Post-operative follow-up and medication are essential parts of the whole treatment process, and it is not advisable to think that everything is fine after surgery. Generally speaking, chronic rhinosinusitis should be treated with regular medication for 2 to 3 months, such as oral antibiotics, antihistamines and local steroids. Surgery should be performed to remove lesions such as polyps, pus, and mycobacterial clusters, to correct anatomical abnormalities, to target the opening of the sinus opening with lesions, and to improve the ventilation and drainage of the sinuses, with special emphasis on preserving the normal mucosa. Postoperative antibiotics need to be used for about 10 days, application of mucus promoters for 1 to 3 months, application of saline or hypertonic saline nasal rinses, and application of antihistamines as appropriate. More important is the application of nasal spray hormones. However, many patients are wary of hormones and have various concerns when using them. Although hormones have many side effects, the topical application of nasal sprays with hormones has been proven in numerous studies at home and abroad to be very safe when used properly under the guidance of a physician. Of course, nasal endoscopic medication change is essential. Through medication change, doctors can clear blood clots, secretions, scabs, small vesicles, etc. to facilitate disease recovery. The majority of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis can be cured by the above treatment.