Periodontal disease is a variety of diseases that occur in the supporting tissues of the periodontium and is one of the oldest and most prevalent diseases in humans. Currently, periodontal diseases include two main categories: gingivitis and periodontitis. Epidemiological surveys show that periodontitis is the number one cause of tooth loss among adults in China. Periodontal disease is the most common disease in the oral cavity, with a prevalence of up to 90% among adults. Gingivitis is primarily an inflammatory lesion limited to the gum tissue and does not generally involve the deep periodontal tissues. Periodontitis, on the other hand, is a chronic infectious disease involving four types of periodontal supporting tissues (gingiva, periodontium, alveolar bone and dental bone), often leading to inflammatory destruction of periodontal supporting tissues, which mainly manifests as gingival inflammation, bleeding, periodontal pocket formation, alveolar bone resorption, widening of gaps, loosening of teeth, displacement, chewing weakness, swelling and pus overflow, and in severe cases, tooth loss or tooth extraction. The cause of periodontal disease is mostly due to local plaque, tartar, food impaction, poor restorations, etc. Some of them can be caused by systemic diseases, which can develop in all age groups and there is no significant difference in gender. The most important causative factor is plaque, which is mainly found in tartar. The treatment of periodontal disease is the basis for the treatment of all diseases in the oral cavity, just like building a house with a foundation. It includes four stages: basic treatment, surgical treatment, restorative and orthodontic treatment, and supportive treatment. Basic treatment and supportive treatment are mandatory for every periodontal disease patient, while surgical treatment and restorative orthodontic treatment are treated at the discretion of each patient. The most common treatment methods are basic treatment including scaling, scraping, medication and periodontal flap surgery. A. Scaling mainly includes two parts: scaling and polishing, and sometimes sandblasting treatment. 1.Scaling (ultrasonic scaling + manual scaling): remove large pieces of calculus and pigment on and under the gums. 2.Polishing: to make the tooth surface smooth and bright, to retard plaque adhesion and enhance the aesthetic effect. 3.Sandblasting: remove small plaque pigments on the tooth surface. Scraping (subgingival scraping + root surface leveling) Remove small calculus deep under the gum and make the root surface smooth and level, which is conducive to the attachment of gums. Medication is an adjunct to periodontal treatment and cannot be relied on completely or alone to treat periodontal disease. Periodontal flap surgery The most widely used periodontal surgery is to surgically remove subgingival tartar and infected tissues under direct vision, and to trim the gums and alveolar bone if necessary to eliminate periodontal pockets or to make them shallower. Answer to patients’ questions: 1. Why do teeth bleed during cleaning? When there is inflammation in the gums, it is very easy to bleed when there is external stimulation, but the bleeding will stop on its own within half an hour. 2.Why does it hurt to clean my teeth? When the tartar is removed, it will touch the gums and cause slight pain, which is the normal reaction of dental cleaning. 3.Why does the gap between teeth widen after scaling? After the removal of tartar by scaling, the space originally occupied by tartar will be released and cause the illusion of a wider gap between teeth. 4.Why do my teeth feel uncomfortable when they are cold or hot after cleaning? Tartar is like a “quilt” covering the tooth surface to block the outside world, when the tartar is removed, the stimulus will act directly on the tooth surface and cause discomfort. This discomfort will be relieved on its own within a week or a month. 5.Will scaling damage my teeth? The principle of scaling is ultrasonic vibration, not abrasion, the needle does not have any cutting function, it relies on the high frequency vibration of ultrasonic waves to break up and remove tartar, no harm to teeth. Reminder: 1. Brush your teeth three times a day, for three minutes each time, to ensure that you brush all sides of each tooth, and change your toothbrush once every three months. 2, regular “cleaning” is an important measure of oral health care, every six months to a year to clean the teeth, not only can remove the tartar, plaque, pigment, thoroughly clean teeth, maintain oral hygiene, but also early detection of other dental diseases. However, it should be noted that dental cleaning should be carried out by a trained dentist in a regular medical institution, on the one hand, the disinfection of irregular medical institutions, easy to make infectious diseases through blood transmission to other patients, resulting in disease cross-infection; on the other hand, poor technology, operation is not standardized dental cleaning, not only can not achieve the purpose of cleaning, but also accelerate the deposition of tartar and even damage to the tooth surface. 3, fine polishing after cleaning is an essential step, otherwise, your teeth not only have no luster, and the pigment and calculus and soon attached to the tooth surface. Periodontal disease prevention and treatment in addition to the doctor’s treatment, the key is the patient’s own serious maintenance. This does not mean that you do not need to visit the dentist regularly, because as well as we maintain our own oral hygiene, there are some parts of the mouth that cannot be cleaned up, and the dentist must help you to remove these dirty things in order to maintain the health of the mouth. All we need to do on our own is to brush our teeth carefully and meticulously, floss and use a toothbrush if necessary. Periodontal disease can only be well controlled if the patient and the doctor work well together. Let’s work together to make sure you have good, healthy and beautiful teeth.