Inflammatory changes in the terminal mucosa of the ileum is a pathological change in the terminal mucosa of the ileum, which is mainly characterized by edema and congestion of the mucosa, which may be accompanied by exudation of fluid components. Inflammation is a kind of self-defense reaction of the organism, and any factors that can lead to tissue cell damage may cause inflammation. Inflammatory changes in the mucosa of the terminal ileum is a defense reaction that occurs after the mucosa of the terminal ileum is stimulated by various inflammatory factors. Common factors that can lead to inflammatory changes in the terminal mucosa of the ileum include: biological factors such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc. invading the terminal ileum; autoimmune diseases such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, etc.; and foreign objects, such as surgical suture stimulation caused by ileal end mucosal inflammation after colon surgery. For patients with inflammatory changes in the mucosa of the terminal ileum, clinicians need to combine other clinical manifestations and test results to find the cause and actively treat the primary disease.