What is hyperthyroidism? What are the signs? How to treat 1. Hyperthyroidism refers to hyperthyroidism, which means that regardless of whether the thyroid gland is diffusely enlarged or has nodules, as long as the thyroid series is checked, T3 and T4 are significantly elevated and accompanied by related symptoms, it is hyperthyroidism. 2. There are three types of hyperthyroidism: Primary hyperthyroidism: This refers to hyperfunctional symptoms that occur in conjunction with an enlarged thyroid gland. Patients are mostly between the ages of 20 and 40. The enlargement of the gland is diffuse and symmetrical on both sides, often accompanied by protruding eyes, so it is also called “protruding goiter”. Secondary hyperthyroidism: This refers to the occurrence of hyperthyroidism based on nodular goiter; the patient first has nodular goiter for many years and then gradually develops hyperfunctional symptoms. The patient is more likely to be over 40 years of age, and the enlarged gland is nodular in shape, with asymmetry on both sides and no protrusion of the eye. High-functioning adenoma: High-functioning adenoma is a rare condition in which there is a single autonomic high-functioning nodule in the gland with atrophic changes in the thyroid tissue surrounding the nodule. The patient does not have ocular protrusion. 3. The main clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism: enlarged thyroid gland, impatience, agitation, insomnia, trembling of both hands, fear of heat, excessive sweating, hyperphagia, but thinness, weight loss, palpitations, fast and strong pulse (pulse rate often above 100 times per minute, still fast at rest and during sleep), increased pulse pressure (mainly due to increased systolic blood pressure), endocrine dysfunction (such as menstrual disorders), etc. Among them, increased pulse rate and increased pulse pressure are particularly important and can often be used as an important sign to determine the extent of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment. 4.What tests are needed? Thyroid series; basal metabolic rate measurement; thyroid iodine uptake rate measurement; thyroid ECT 5.How is hyperthyroidism treated? ① For secondary hyperthyroidism and high-functioning adenoma, surgical treatment is needed after oral anti-thyroid medication and after thyroid function and basal metabolic rate are controlled to basic normal; ② Generally, surgical treatment is not needed. First, it can be controlled by long-term administration of antithyroid drugs such as Sage or propylthioxypyrimethamine. After the symptoms are controlled and stabilized, the dosage can be gradually reduced for maintenance; second, if there is a relapse on drug reduction, radioactive iodine 131 can be considered to destroy a certain number of thyroid cells, but it is not easy to control the dosage well and it is easy to have hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism not completely eliminated. Third, both of the above-mentioned methods of application are ineffective, surgical treatment can be performed to remove the vast majority of the thyroid gland.