Clinical diabetic patients with prolonged substandard blood glucose control can cause diabetic microvascular complications, mainly manifested as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy manifests as fundus angioma formation, hard yellow-white exudate, and soft exudate with gradual neovascularization accompanied by hemorrhage, which can lead to retinal detachment in severe cases, affecting the patient’s vision and thus the patient’s quality of life. Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by microproteinuria in the early stage, which gradually turns into persistent proteinuria. If the treatment is not standardized in the early stage, it can lead to large amount of proteinuria and decline of renal function, and eventually progress to uremia, which will significantly reduce the quality of life of patients and poor prognosis. Diabetic neuropathy is manifested as diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Patients mainly exhibit numbness, pins and needles pain, burning sensation, ankylosis and other sensory abnormalities in both lower extremities; patients with autonomic neuropathy exhibit rapid heart rate at rest, postural hypotension, gastroparesis, abnormal sweating, and alternating constipation and diarrhea, and other manifestations of plant neurological disorders. Therefore, diabetic patients should be treated with early standardized glucose-lowering therapy to bring blood glucose control up to standard in order to delay the occurrence of related diabetic microvascular complications.