Is stem cell transplantation for ischemic necrosis of the femoral head an effective treatment for osteonecrosis? The answer is no. Stem cell transplantation for ischemic necrosis of the femoral head is performed by extracting bone marrow from the iliac bone, centrifuging it in a sterile condition, and separating bone marrow cells containing nuclei (hematopoietic stem cells). They are injected or implanted into the area of femoral head necrosis via a decompression orifice. The expectation is that the implanted cells will convert to bone cells and form new bone. During this process, any chemical (drug) and biotechnological interventions are not (prohibited). Before understanding the role of stem cell transplantation, we can understand the concept of how stem cells are. According to the source of stem cells, there are two types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells and somatic stem cells. (1) Embryonic stem cells: They are developed from fertilized eggs and have the function of forming various tissue cells and tissue organs. However, because of human ethical issues, one cannot terminate one life and save another patient’s life or treat diseases, therefore, at present, countries still prohibit the direct use of embryonic stem cells for the treatment of human diseases. In the first half of this year, the U.S. Supreme Court, froze the funding of clinical research on embryonic stem cells. (2) Somatic stem cells: they can be taken from certain tissues in the human body and have the function of directed differentiation into certain tissue cells. If you want to make some kind of somatic stem cells to transform into other tissue cells, you need to first transform some kind of somatic stem cells into universal stem cells (stem cells that can be transformed into different tissue cells) by some technical means, and then take some technical means to make them differentiate and develop into the tissue cells you want. At present, the process of converting a certain kind of somatic stem cells into universal stem cells requires the help of genetic recombination technology (biotechnology), which requires switching four segments of genes, of which, two segments of genetic recombination technology, are carcinogenic. Therefore, this technology is still in the experimental research stage and cannot be applied clinically (in humans). The current stem cell transplantation for ischemic necrosis of the femoral head involves extracting bone marrow cells from the iliac bone, isolating the nucleated components under sterile conditions, and then injecting or implanting them into the ischemic necrotic area of the femoral head. Although, these cells may have some stem cell components, they are also somatic stem cells, which at best have some kind of directed differentiation (hematopoietic function), but not to bone cells, and when implanted into the ischemic femoral head, it will flow away like blood. Even if it does not flow, these cells are unlikely to be viable when implanted into an ischemic environment that has killed normal bone cells. Ultimately, the so-called stem cell transplantation for ischemic necrosis of the femoral head is a conceptual treatment with many unresolved technical challenges and a lack of scientific basis. It is impossible to obtain definite clinical efficacy. In this sense, the current stem cell transplantation for ischemic necrosis of the femoral head is only a false concept, and the use of this technology for osteonecrosis is also a false technology. There is no real sense of therapeutic effect.