Parents are paying more and more attention to their children’s growth and development due to factors such as the concept of eugenics, only child and increasing social competition pressure. In fact, many factors affect the growth and development of children, and understanding these specific factors will help parents find defects and problems in the growth and development of their children, which is important to ensure the normal growth and development of children. 1, genetic factors The characteristics, potential and tendencies of children’s growth and development are influenced by the genetic factors of both parents, i.e. the race and family genetic information has a profound impact. Skin, hair color, facial features, height, early sexual maturity and susceptibility to diseases are all related to heredity. Some hereditary metabolic defects, endocrine disorders, chromosomal aberrations, etc. can seriously affect the growth and development of children. For example, girls’ language and motor development is slightly earlier than that of boys; girls’ puberty is also earlier than that of boys, while boys’ physical development is significantly longer than that of girls due to the longer duration of puberty. Therefore, the assessment of pediatric growth and development level should be done according to the standards of boys and girls respectively. 3, nutritional factors The growth and development of children must have a perfect supply of nutrients, adequate and reasonable deployment of nutrients can make the best use of growth potential. Children such as malnutrition in the fetal period, not only physical growth backward, the development of the brain is also affected. Severe malnutrition within 2 years of birth can cause weight and height growth restriction, as well as the body immune, endocrine and neurological regulation function is low. 4, disease factors The interference of disease on growth and development is very obvious. Acute infections often make children lose weight; long-term chronic diseases can affect the development of weight and height; endocrine diseases often cause delayed skeletal growth and neurological development, congenital diseases such as congenital heart disease have a more obvious impact on growth and development. The development of the fetus in the womb is influenced by the living environment, nutrition, emotions and diseases of the pregnant mother. 6.Living environment Living environment plays an important role in children’s health. A good living environment (including: sufficient sunlight, fresh air, clean water, no noise and spacious housing) and healthy living habits and scientific care, proper parenting and physical exercise, and perfect health care services are all important factors to ensure the best growth and development of children. The main controlling factors of children’s growth and development are also different at each age. For example, from birth to two weeks of age, it is mainly related to the amount of nutritional intake and care, and with the increasing improvement of living conditions, the growth of children at this stage will not be greatly affected; while the main controlling factor of growth in childhood between 2 to 3 years old and 11 to 12 years old is closely related to the amount of both growth hormone and thyroid hormone secreted by children themselves, so in this period, the Therefore, during this period, children who do not produce enough growth hormone and thyroid hormone will have a significantly slower growth rate than other children with normal secretion; from 11 to 12 years old to 17 to 18 years old, the basis for the growth spurt is the synergistic effect between sex hormone and growth hormone. Therefore, growth hormone plays a vital role in the whole growth stage, and children with abnormal growth hormone secretion cannot reach the ideal lifelong height, so it is unscientific for some parents to think that their children are short because of late development. Therefore, it is not scientific for some parents to think that their children are short because of late development. They should go to the hospital as soon as possible to find out the cause to avoid delaying the best growth period of their children.