In the past decade, the cesarean rate has increased at a high rate worldwide and cesarean section is the most common procedure. The World Health Organization set a cautionary limit of 15% for the cesarean rate in 1985 and surveyed 24 countries for cesarean deliveries, with our cesarean rate at 46.2% and up to 68%. Japan was 19.8% and India was 17.8%. Due to the increase of cesarean delivery rate, the sequelae of cesarean surgery have been highlighted. Liang Yujie, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yueqing People’s Hospital Many women after cesarean section have prolonged periods, postmenstrual spotting and bleeding, which even last until the next menstrual flow; in addition, some patients are accompanied by dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain and infertility, and patients repeatedly seek medical help and move from hospital to hospital, which seriously affects the quality of life; and there is also the possibility of cesarean section scar site pregnancy —— is a special site of ectopic If not detected in time, it leads to life-threatening hemorrhage in patients. Placenta implantation in pregnant women with a history of cesarean delivery is 35 times more likely than in those without a history of cesarean delivery, and the chances of fatal placenta praevia increase with the increase in the number of cesarean deliveries, and once it occurs, the maternal mortality rate is as high as 7% —— What an amazing number! Uterine incisional diverticulum was first reported by Spanish scholars in 1955. It is an “after-effect” after cesarean section. The hysterotomy diverticulum after cesarean section is now medically known as “cesarean scar diverticulum”, which is a depression in the uterine cavity that is connected to the incision after cesarean section due to healing defects. Some reports show that the incidence is 61% for 1 cesarean, 81% for 2 cesareans, and 100% for 3 or more cesareans. Pregnant mothers, when you see this data, do you still want to have a cesarean delivery? In the past, for patients with prolonged periods and postmenstrual bleeding after cesarean delivery, clinicians often missed the diagnosis due to insufficient knowledge of cesarean scar diverticulum. There are no uniform diagnostic criteria for this disease. In recent years, we have carried out hysteroscopy and screened cases of cesarean scar diverticulum in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (including those with a history of cesarean delivery), which has led to a very full understanding of the diagnosis of this disease. Through clinical observation and practice, we perform examinations on suspected patients including: vaginal ultrasound, hysterosalpingography and hysteroscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging. Hysteroscopy is done as the gold standard for diagnosis. Medical researchers have been exploring the causes of cesarean scar diverticula, and clinicians are confused in terms of treatment, and no consensus has been reached. Common medications, surgical treatments (transvaginal surgical treatment, hysteroscopic surgical treatment, open or laparoscopic surgical treatment) Drug treatment: Contraceptive pills are given to patients younger than 40 years old without fertility requirements, which can shorten patients’ periods, but most patients cannot accept long-term contraceptive pills and have poor compliance, and the overall utilization rate is not high. Surgical treatment: Transvaginal surgery, hysteroscopy, laparoscopy or open surgery are possible. Short-term menstruation returns to normal after surgery, but the surgery for cesarean diverticula has not been carried out for a long time in China, and the follow-up of postoperative patients is relatively short, and the long-term prognosis is unclear. The root of the problem is to reduce the cesarean delivery rate, to strictly grasp the indications for cesarean delivery, and to reduce the number of repeat cesarean deliveries, which is the direction of joint efforts between doctors and patients. This article is authorized by Dr. Yujie Liang.